home > Psychology > The biography of Mikhail Glinka and his work are, in short, the most important thing. Memoria


The biography of Mikhail Glinka and his work are, in short, the most important thing. Memoria




I. E. Repin. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka while composing the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

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Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (May 20, 1804 - February 3, 1857) - Russian composer, founder of the national school of composition. Glinka's works had a strong influence on subsequent generations of composers, including AS Dargomyzhsky, members of the "Mighty Handful", PI Tchaikovsky, who developed his ideas in their music.

Mikhail Glinka was born on May 20 (June 1), 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province, on the estate of his father, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. The composer's great-grandfather was a nobleman from the Glinka clan of the Tshask coat of arms - Viktorin Wladyslaw Glinka (Polish Wiktoryn Wladyslaw Glinka). After Poland lost Smolensk in 1654, V.V. Glinka took Russian citizenship and converted to Orthodoxy. The tsarist power retained for the Smolensk gentry land holdings and noble privileges, including the former coats of arms.

Until the age of six, Mikhail was brought up by his grandmother (on his father's side) Fyokla Alexandrovna, who completely removed the mother from raising her son. He grew up as a nervous, suspicious and painful child-touchy - "mimosa", according to Glinka's own characteristics. After the death of Fyokla Alexandrovna, Mikhail again passed into the full control of his mother, who made every effort to erase the traces of his previous upbringing. At the age of ten, Mikhail began to study piano and violin. The first teacher of Glinka was the governess Varvara Fyodorovna Klammer, invited from St. Petersburg.

In 1817, his parents brought Mikhail to St. Petersburg and placed him in the Noble boarding house at the Main Pedagogical Institute (in 1819 it was renamed the Noble boarding house at St. Petersburg University), where his tutor was the poet, Decembrist V.K.Kyukhelbeker (article). The sister of Wilhelm Karlovich Kuchelbecker, Justin (1784-1871), married Grigory Andreevich Glinka (1776-1818), who was a cousin of the composer's father. In St. Petersburg, Glinka takes lessons from prominent music teachers, including Karl Zeiner and John Field. In 1822, Mikhail Ivanovich successfully (the second student) graduated from the course at the Noble Boarding School at the Imperial St. Petersburg University. At the boarding house, Glinka met A.S. Pushkin, who came there to see his younger brother Lev, a classmate of Mikhail.
Their meetings resumed in the summer of 1828 and continued until the death of the poet.

Glinka fell in love with music. After graduating from the boarding house, he intensively studies: he studies Western European musical classics, participates in home music in the salons of the nobility, sometimes leads his uncle's orchestra. At the same time, Glinka tried himself as a composer, composing variations for harp or piano on a theme from the opera The Swiss Family by the Austrian composer Josef Weigl. From that moment on, Glinka pays more and more attention to composition and soon already composes a lot, trying her hand at a variety of genres. During this period, he wrote well-known today romances and songs: "Do not tempt me unnecessarily" to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, "Do not sing, beauty, with me" to the words of A. Pushkin, "Autumn night, night dear "to the words of A. Ya. Rimsky-Korsakov and others. However, he remains dissatisfied with his work for a long time. Glinka is persistently looking for ways to go beyond the forms and genres of everyday music. In 1823 he worked on a string septet, adagio and rondo for orchestra and two orchestral overtures. In the same years, Mikhail Ivanovich's circle of acquaintances expanded. He meets Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich, Anton Delvig, Vladimir Odoevsky, who later became his friend.

In the summer of 1823, Glinka made a trip to the Caucasus, visiting Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk. From 1824 to 1828, Mikhail worked as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways. In 1829 M. Glinka and N. Pavlishchev published "Lyric Album", where among the works of various authors were also plays by Glinka.

At the end of April 1830, the composer leaves for Italy, having lingered on the way to Dresden and made a long journey across Germany, which stretched out over the summer months. Arriving in Italy in early autumn, Glinka settled in Milan, which at that time was a major center of musical culture. In Italy, he met the outstanding composers V. Bellini and G. Donizetti, studied the vocal style of bel canto (Italian bel canto) and wrote a lot in the “Italian spirit” himself. In his works, a significant part of which are plays on the themes of popular operas, there is no longer anything student-like, all the compositions are performed masterfully.
Glinka pays special attention to instrumental ensembles, having written two original compositions: Sextet for piano, two violins, viola, cello and double bass and Pathetic Trio for piano, clarinet and bassoon. In these works, the features of Glinka's composer's style were especially clearly manifested.

In July 1833 Glinka set off for Berlin, stopping for some time in Vienna on the way. In Berlin, Glinka, under the guidance of the German theorist Siegfried Dehn, works in the field of composition, polyphony, instrumentation. Having received the news of his father's death in 1834, Glinka decided to immediately return to Russia.

Glinka returned with extensive plans for a Russian national opera. After a long search for a plot for the opera, Glinka, on the advice of V. Zhukovsky, settled on the legend about Ivan Susanin (article). At the end of April 1835, Glinka married Marya Petrovna Ivanova, his distant relative. Soon after, the newlyweds went to Novospasskoye, where Glinka with great zeal began to write an opera.

In 1836, the opera "A Life for the Tsar" was completed, but Mikhail Glinka, with great difficulty, managed to get it accepted for staging at the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. The director of the imperial theaters, A.M. Gedeonov, obstinately prevented this from happening, and he handed it over to the "director of music" Katerino Cavos, the "music director". Kavos, on the other hand, gave Glinka's work the most flattering review. The opera was accepted.

The premiere of "A Life for the Tsar" took place on November 27 (December 9), 1836. The success was enormous, the opera was enthusiastically received by the society. The next day Glinka wrote to his mother:
“Yesterday evening my desires were finally fulfilled, and my long labor was crowned with the most brilliant success. The audience received my opera with extraordinary enthusiasm, the actors lost their temper with zeal ... the sovereign-emperor ... thanked me and talked with me for a long time ... "

On December 13, AV Vsevolzhsky hosted a celebration for MI Glinka, at which Mikhail Vielgorsky, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky and Alexander Pushkin composed a welcome "Canon in honor of MI Glinka." Music belonged to Vladimir Odoevsky.
“Sing in delight, Russian choir!

A new novelty has been released.
Have fun, Russia! Our Glinka -

Not clay, but porcelain! "

Soon after the production of A Life for the Tsar, Glinka was appointed Kapellmeister of the Court Choir Choir, which he directed for two years. Glinka spent the spring and summer of 1838 in Ukraine. There he selected choristers for the chapel. Among the newcomers was Semyon Gulak-Artemovsky, who later became not only a famous singer, but also a composer.

In 1837 Mikhail Glinka, not yet having a ready-made libretto, began working on a new opera based on the poem by Alexander Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The idea of ​​the opera came to the composer during the poet's lifetime. He hoped to draw up a plan according to his instructions, but the death of Pushkin (article) forced Glinka to turn to secondary poets and amateurs from among his friends and acquaintances.

The first performance of Ruslan and Lyudmila took place on November 27 (December 9), 1842, exactly six years after the premiere of Ivan Susanin. In comparison with Ivan Susanin, M. Glinka's new opera caused a stronger
criticism. The most fierce critic of the composer was F. Bulgarin, who was still a very influential journalist at that time.

During these years, there were stormy relations between Glinka and Katenka Kern, the daughter of Pushkin's muse. For her, the composer set to music Pushkin's poem "I remember a wonderful moment ...", addressed by the poet to her mother. In 1841, Catherine became pregnant, and Glinka began divorce proceedings with his wife, who secretly married the cornet Nikolai Vasilchikov (1816-47), the nephew of a major dignitary. By the time the divorce was finally obtained (in 1847), the composer had changed his mind about marrying Kern. Previously, he financed her "release" from an unwanted child.

Grieving the criticism of his new opera, Mikhail Ivanovich in the middle of 1844 undertook a new long trip abroad. This time he leaves for France and then Spain. In Paris, Glinka met the French composer Hector Berlioz, who became a great admirer of his talent. In the spring of 1845, Berlioz performed at his concert works by Glinka: Lezginka from Ruslan and Lyudmila and Antonida's aria from Ivan Susanin. The success of these works prompted Glinka to give a charity concert of his works in Paris. On April 10, 1845, a large concert by the Russian composer was successfully held at the Hertz Concert Hall on Victory Street in Paris.

On May 13, 1845 Glinka went to Spain. There, Mikhail Ivanovich studies the culture, customs, language of the Spanish people, records Spanish folk melodies, observes folk festivals and traditions. The creative result of this trip was two symphonic overtures written on Spanish folk themes.
In the fall of 1845 he created the overture "Jota Aragonese", and in 1848, after returning to Russia - "Night in Madrid".

In the summer of 1847, Glinka set off on the return journey to his ancestral village Novospasskoye. Glinka's stay in her native places was short-lived. Mikhail Ivanovich again went to St. Petersburg, but having changed his mind, he decided to spend the winter in Smolensk. However, invitations to balls and evenings that haunted the composer almost daily drove him to despair and to the point of deciding to leave Russia again, becoming a traveler. But Glinka was denied a foreign passport, therefore, having reached Warsaw in 1848, he stopped in this city. Here the composer wrote a symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya" on the themes of two Russian songs: the wedding lyric "From behind the mountains, high mountains" and a lively dance song. In this work, Glinka approved a new type of symphonic music and laid the foundations for its further development, skillfully creating an unusually bold combination of various rhythms, characters and moods. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky said this about the work of Mikhail Glinka:
“The entire Russian symphony school, just like the whole oak in acorns, is contained in the Kamarinskaya symphonic fantasy”.

In 1851 Glinka returned to St. Petersburg. He makes new acquaintances, mostly young people. Mikhail Ivanovich gave singing lessons, prepared opera parts and a chamber repertoire with such singers as N.K. Ivanov, O.A. Petrov, A. Ya. Petrova-Vorobyova, A.P. Lodiy, D.M. Leonova and others. The Russian vocal school was formed under the direct influence of Glinka. I visited M. I. Glinka and A. N. Serov, who in 1852 wrote down his "Notes on
instrumentation ”(published 4 years later). AS Dargomyzhsky often came.

In 1852 Glinka went on a journey again. He planned to get to Spain, but tired of traveling in stagecoaches and by rail, he stopped in Paris, where he lived for a little over two years. In Paris, Glinka began work on the Taras Bulba symphony, which was never completed. The beginning of the Crimean War, in which France opposed Russia, was an event that finally decided the issue of Glinka's departure to his homeland. On the way to Russia, Glinka spent two weeks in Berlin.

In May 1854 Glinka arrived in Russia. He spent the summer in Tsarskoe Selo at the dacha, and in August he again moved to St. Petersburg. In the same 1854, Mikhail Ivanovich began to write memoirs, which he named "Notes" (published in 1870).

In 1856 Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka left for Berlin. There he began to study old Russian church tunes, the works of old masters, choral works of the Italian Palestrina, Johann Sebastian Bach. Glinka was the first of the secular composers to compose and process church melodies in the Russian style. An unexpected illness interrupted these studies.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is rightfully considered the founder of Russian classical music, he is undoubtedly the founder of Russian classical romance and without the slightest doubt is recognized as the father of Russian national opera.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died quite suddenly on February 15, 1857 in Berlin and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. The cause of death was an almost banal pneumonia. In May of the same year, at the insistence of M.I.

Gendelev52.wordpress.com ›glinka /

Article from the newspaper: Weekly "Arguments and Facts" No. 7 15/02/2017

160 years ago, on February 15, 1857, in a Berlin house at 8 Franzoesische Strasse, a Russian died. The diagnosis is pneumonia.

The purpose of this article is to find out how the death from pneumonia of the outstanding Russian composer MIKHAIL IVANOVICH GLINKA is incorporated into his FULL NAME code.

Watch preliminary "Logicology - about the fate of man".

Consider the tables of the FULL NAME code. \ If on your screen there is an offset of numbers and letters, adjust the scale of the image \.

4 16 26 40 51 52 65 75 97 98 108 120 130 133 134 148 163 166 176 200
G L I N K A M I ​​K A I L I V A N O V
200 196 184 174 160 149 148 135 125 103 102 92 80 70 67 66 52 37 34 24

13 23 45 46 56 68 78 81 82 96 111 114 124 148 152 164 174 188 199 200
M I KH A I L I V A N O V I Ch G L I N K A
200 187 177 155 154 144 132 122 119 118 104 89 86 76 52 48 36 26 12 1

GLINKA MIKHAIL IVANOVICH = 200 = 102-DEATH + 98-FROM FLU.

(Alas, death from influenza is by no means as rare as we would like to think. Every year around 2 million people die from influenza in the world).

Reference:

The main complications of the flu. The most common complication after influenza is pneumonia (pneumonia).

Amizon.ua ›ru / maininfo_106.html

In order to get logical decryptions with the same number of matching columns, we can make the following sentences:

200 = G (ripp) + L (pulmonary) IN (toxi) KA (tions) + M (eggs in the lungs) IH + (from edema) A I (h) LEBAN (no cr) OVI + (end) H (ina) ).

200 = M (calves in the lungs) IH + (from edema) A I (h) LEBAN (no cr) OVI + (con) H (ina) + G (ripp) + L (pulmonary) IN (toxi) CA (tsion) ).

Both decryptions contain 20 matching columns - according to the number of letters in the NAME code.

Simptomy-i-lechenie.net ›pnevmoniya /
Pneumonia in adults (pneumonia) is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract of various etiologies, occurring with ... The main cause of the development of the disease is a pulmonary infection that affects all structures of the lungs.

Upulmanologa.ru ›… pnevmoniya / otek… pri-pnevmonii-443
The most formidable complication of pneumonia is pulmonary edema. The condition is life-threatening ...

Krasotaimedicina.ru ›diseases / infectious / flu
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection caused by RNA-containing influenza A, B and C viruses, manifested by fever, intoxication and damage to the epithelial lining of the upper respiratory tract.

Otravilsja.ru ›intoksikaciya-iz-za-boleznej / pri ...
Intoxication with pneumonia occurs as a result of the spread of the process through the lung tissues and is accompanied by damage to a number of organs, the immune and nervous system, and cardiovascular complications.

After pneumonia, the body is poisoned by microbial poisons that penetrate from diseased lungs.
narod-sredstva.ucoz.ru ›news / vospalenie ... 2012-09-15 ...

Let's see what the "INFORMATION FIELD MEMORY" tells us:

111-MEMORY + 201-INFORMATION + 75-FIELDS = 386.

386 = 200- (FULL NAME code) + 186-POISONING ORGANISM (s).

243 = ENDED FROM FLU.

200 = ENDED FROM GR (ippa).

386- (MEMORY OF THE INFORMATION FIELD) = 243-FIFTEENTH FEBRUARY + 143-STOP HEART (tsa).

The code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE = 176-FIFTY + 9-TWO = 185.

185 = DEATH BY DISEASE (s).

200 = 185-FIFTY TWO + 15-O \ etching \.

185-FIFTY TWO - 15-O \ etching \ = 170 = LIFE OVER.

We look at the column in the upper table of the FULL NAME code:

26 = KO (nets)
______________________________________________________
184 = FIFTY DV (a) = DEATH FROM DISEASES (ania).

184 - 26 = 158 = END OF LIFE FROM G (rippa).

386- (MEMORY OF THE INFORMATION FIELD) = 185-FIFTY TWO + 201-END OF LIFE FROM INFLUENZA (pa).

Childhood and adolescence

Creative years

Major works

Anthem of the Russian Federation

Addresses in St. Petersburg

(May 20 (June 1) 1804 - February 3 (15), 1857) - a composer, traditionally considered one of the founders of Russian classical music. Glinka's works had a strong influence on subsequent generations of composers, including members of the New Russian School, who developed his ideas in their music.

Biography

Childhood and adolescence

Mikhail Glinka was born on May 20 (June 1, new style), 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province, on the estate of his father, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Until the age of six, he was brought up by his grandmother (on his father's side) Fyokla Alexandrovna, who completely removed Mikhail's mother from raising her son. Mikhail grew up as a nervous, suspicious and painful barich-not-so-so - "mimosa", according to Glinka's own characteristics. After the death of Fyokla Alexandrovna, Mikhail again passed into the full control of his mother, who made every effort to erase the traces of his previous upbringing. At the age of ten, Mikhail began to study piano and violin. The first teacher of Glinka was the governess Varvara Fedorovna Klammer, invited from St. Petersburg.

In 1817, the parents brought Mikhail to St. Petersburg and placed him in the Noble boarding house at the Main Pedagogical Institute (in 1819 it was renamed the Noble boarding house at the St. Petersburg University), where his tutor was the poet, Decembrist V.K. In St. Petersburg, Glinka takes lessons from major musicians, including the Irish pianist and composer John Field. At the boarding house, Glinka meets A.S. Pushkin, who came there to see his younger brother Lev, a classmate of Mikhail. Their meetings resumed in the summer of 1828 and continued until the death of the poet.

Creative years

1822-1835

After graduating from the boarding house in 1822, Mikhail Glinka is intensively engaged in music: he studies Western European musical classics, participates in home music in the salons of the nobility, sometimes leads his uncle's orchestra. At the same time, Glinka tried himself as a composer, composing variations for harp or piano on a theme from the opera The Swiss Family by the Austrian composer Josef Weigl. From that moment on, Glinka pays more and more attention to composition and soon already composes a lot, trying her hand at a variety of genres. During this period, he wrote well-known today romances and songs: "Do not tempt me unnecessarily" to the words of E. A. Baratynsky, "Do not sing, beauty, with me" to the words of A. Pushkin, "Autumn night, night dear "to the words of A. Ya. Rimsky-Korsakov and others. However, he remains dissatisfied with his work for a long time. Glinka is persistently looking for ways to go beyond the forms and genres of everyday music. In 1823 he worked on a string septet, adagio and rondo for orchestra and two orchestral overtures. In the same years, Mikhail Ivanovich's circle of acquaintances expanded. He meets Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich, Anton Delvig, Vladimir Odoevsky, who later became his friend.

In the summer of 1823, Glinka made a trip to the Caucasus, visiting Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk. From 1824 to 1828, Mikhail worked as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways. In 1829 M. Glinka and N. Pavlishchev published "Lyric Album", where among the works of various authors were also plays by Glinka.

At the end of April 1830, the composer leaves for Italy, having lingered on the way to Dresden and made a long journey across Germany, which stretched out over the summer months. Arriving in Italy in early autumn, Glinka settled in Milan, which at that time was a major center of musical culture. In Italy, he met the outstanding composers V. Bellini and G. Donizetti, studied the vocal style of bel canto (Italian. bel canto) and himself composes a lot in the "Italian spirit". In his works, a significant part of which are plays on the themes of popular operas, there is no longer anything student-centered, all compositions are performed masterfully. Glinka pays special attention to instrumental ensembles, having written two original compositions: Sextet for piano, two violins, viola, cello and double bass and Pathetic Trio for piano, clarinet and bassoon. In these works, the features of Glinka's composer's style were especially clearly manifested.

In July 1833 Glinka set off for Berlin, stopping for some time in Vienna on the way. In Berlin, Glinka, under the guidance of the German theorist Siegfried Dehn, works in the field of composition, polyphony, instrumentation. Having received the news of his father's death in 1834, Glinka decided to immediately return to Russia.

Glinka returned with extensive plans for a Russian national opera. After a long search for a plot for the opera, Glinka, on the advice of V. Zhukovsky, settled on the legend about Ivan Susanin. At the end of April 1835, Glinka married Marya Petrovna Ivanova, his distant relative. Soon after, the newlyweds went to Novospasskoye, where Glinka with great zeal began to write an opera.

1836-1844

In 1836, the opera "A Life for the Tsar" was completed, but Mikhail Glinka, with great difficulty, managed to get it accepted for staging at the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. The director of the imperial theaters, A.M. Gedeonov, obstinately prevented this from happening, and he handed it over to the "director of music" Katerino Cavos, the "music director". Kavos, on the other hand, gave Glinka's work the most flattering review. The opera was accepted.

The premiere of "A Life for the Tsar" took place on November 27 (December 9), 1836. The success was enormous, the opera was enthusiastically received by the advanced part of society. The next day Glinka wrote to his mother:

On December 13, AV Vsevolzhsky hosted a celebration for MI Glinka, at which Mikhail Vielgorsky, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky and Alexander Pushkin composed a welcome "Canon in honor of MI Glinka." Music belonged to Vladimir Odoevsky.

Soon after the production of A Life for the Tsar, Glinka was appointed Kapellmeister of the Court Choir Choir, which he directed for two years. Glinka spent the spring and summer of 1838 in Ukraine. There he selected choristers for the chapel. Among the newcomers was Semyon Gulak-Artemovsky, who later became not only a famous singer, but also a composer.

In 1837 Mikhail Glinka, not yet having a finished libretto, began working on a new opera based on the poem by Alexander Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The idea of ​​the opera came to the composer during the poet's lifetime. He hoped to draw up a plan according to his instructions, but the death of Pushkin forced Glinka to turn to secondary poets and amateurs from among his friends and acquaintances. The first performance of Ruslan and Lyudmila took place on November 27 (December 9), 1842, exactly six years after the premiere of Ivan Susanin. In comparison with Ivan Susanin, the new opera by M. Glinka drew stronger criticism. The most fierce critic of the composer was F. Bulgarin, who was still a very influential journalist at that time.

1844-1857

Grieving the criticism of his new opera, Mikhail Ivanovich in the middle of 1844 undertook a new long trip abroad. This time he leaves for France and then Spain. In Paris, Glinka met the French composer Hector Berlioz, who became a great admirer of his talent. In the spring of 1845, Berlioz performed at his concert works by Glinka: Lezginka from Ruslan and Lyudmila and Antonida's aria from Ivan Susanin. The success of these works prompted Glinka to give a charity concert of his works in Paris. On April 10, 1845, a large concert by the Russian composer was successfully held at the Hertz Concert Hall on Victory Street in Paris.

On May 13, 1845 Glinka went to Spain. There, Mikhail Ivanovich studies the culture, customs, language of the Spanish people, records Spanish folk melodies, observes folk festivals and traditions. The creative result of this trip was two symphonic overtures written on Spanish folk themes. In the fall of 1845 he created the overture "Jota Aragonese", and in 1848, after returning to Russia - "Night in Madrid".

In the summer of 1847, Glinka set off on the return journey to his ancestral village Novospasskoye. Glinka's stay in her native places was short-lived. Mikhail Ivanovich again went to St. Petersburg, but having changed his mind, he decided to spend the winter in Smolensk. However, invitations to balls and evenings that haunted the composer almost daily drove him to despair and to the point of deciding to leave Russia again, becoming a traveler. But Glinka was denied a foreign passport, therefore, having reached Warsaw in 1848, he stopped in this city. Here the composer wrote a symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya" on the themes of two Russian songs: the wedding lyric "From behind the mountains, high mountains" and a lively dance song. In this work, Glinka approved a new type of symphonic music and laid the foundations for its further development, skillfully creating an unusually bold combination of various rhythms, characters and moods. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky said this about the work of Mikhail Glinka:

In 1851 Glinka returned to St. Petersburg. He makes new acquaintances, mostly young people. Mikhail Ivanovich gave singing lessons, prepared operatic roles and a chamber repertoire with such singers as N.K. Ivanov, O.A. Petrov, A. Ya. Petrova-Vorobyova, A.P. Lodiy, D.M. Leonova and others. The Russian vocal school was formed under the direct influence of Glinka. He visited MI Glinka and AN Serov, who in 1852 wrote down his Notes on Instrumentation (published in 1856). AS Dargomyzhsky often came.

In 1852 Glinka went on a journey again. He planned to get to Spain, but tired of traveling in stagecoaches and by rail, he stopped in Paris, where he lived for a little over two years. In Paris, Glinka began work on the Taras Bulba symphony, which was never completed. The beginning of the Crimean War, in which France opposed Russia, was an event that finally decided the issue of Glinka's departure to his homeland. On the way to Russia, Glinka spent two weeks in Berlin.

In May 1854 Glinka arrived in Russia. He spent the summer in Tsarskoe Selo at the dacha, and in August he again moved to St. Petersburg. In the same 1854, Mikhail Ivanovich began to write memoirs, which he named "Notes" (published in 1870).

In 1856 Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka left for Berlin. There he began to study old Russian church tunes, the works of old masters, choral works of the Italian Palestrina, Johann Sebastian Bach. Glinka was the first of the secular composers to compose and process church melodies in the Russian style. An unexpected illness interrupted these studies.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died on February 16, 1857 in Berlin and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. In May of the same year, at the insistence of M.I. There is a monument on the grave created by the architect A.M. Gornostaev. Currently, the slab from the grave of Glinka in Berlin has been lost. On the site of the grave in 1947, the Military Commandant's Office of the Soviet sector of Berlin erected a monument to the composer.

Memory

  • At the end of May 1982, the House-Museum of M.I. Glinka was opened in the composer's native estate Novospasskoye
  • Monuments to M.I.Glinka:
    • in Smolensk created with folk funds collected by subscription, opened in 1885 in the eastern side of the Blonie garden; sculptor A.R. von Bock. In 1887, the monument was compositionally completed by the installation of an openwork cast fence, the drawing of which was composed of musical lines - excerpts from 24 works of the composer
    • in St. Petersburg was built on the initiative of the City Duma, opened in 1899 in the Alexander Garden, at the fountain in front of the Admiralty; sculptor V.M. Pashchenko, architect A.S. Lytkin
    • In Veliky Novgorod, at the 1000th Anniversary of Russia Monument, among 129 figures of the most prominent personalities in Russian history (as of 1862) there is a figure of M.I. Glinka
    • in St. Petersburg, built on the initiative of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, opened on February 3, 1906 in the park near the Conservatory (Teatralnaya Square); sculptor R.R.Bach, architect A.R.Bach. Monument of monumental art of federal significance.
    • opened in Kiev on December 21, 1910 ( Main article: Monument to M.I.Glinka in Kiev)
  • Films about M.I. Glinka:
    • In 1946, a biographical film "Glinka" about the life and work of Mikhail Ivanovich (in the role of Boris Chirkov) was shot at Mosfilm.
    • In 1952, Mosfilm released a feature biographical film "Composer Glinka" (in the role of Boris Smirnov).
    • In 2004, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth, a documentary film about the life and work of the composer “Mikhail Glinka. Doubts and passions ... "
  • Mikhail Glinka in philately and numismatics:
  • In honor of M. I Glinka named:
    • State Academic Capella of St. Petersburg (in 1954).
    • Moscow Museum of Musical Culture (in 1954).
    • Novosibirsk State Conservatory (Academy) (in 1956).
    • Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory (in 1957).
    • Magnitogorsk State Conservatory.
    • Minsk Music College
    • Chelyabinsk Academic Opera and Ballet Theater.
    • Petersburg Choir School (in 1954).
    • Dnipropetrovsk Music Conservatory named after Glinka (Ukraine).
    • Concert Hall in Zaporozhye.
    • State String Quartet.
    • Streets of many cities of Russia, as well as cities of Ukraine and Belarus. Street in Berlin.
    • In 1973, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh named the minor planet discovered to her in honor of the composer - 2205 Glinka.
    • Crater on Mercury.

Major works

Opera

  • A Life for the Tsar (1836)
  • Ruslan and Lyudmila (1837-1842)

Symphonic works

  • Symphony on two Russian themes (1834, completed and orchestrated by Vissarion Shebalin)
  • Music to the tragedy of N. V. Kukolnik "Prince Kholmsky" (1842)
  • Spanish Overture No. 1 "Brilliant Capriccio on the Theme of the Aragonese Jota" (1845)
  • "Kamarinskaya", a fantasy on two Russian themes (1848)
  • Spanish Overture No. 2 "Memories of a Summer Night in Madrid" (1851)
  • "Waltz-Fantasy" (1839 - for piano, 1856 - expanded edition for symphony orchestra)

Chamber instrumental compositions

  • Sonata for viola and piano (unfinished; 1828, finalized by Vadim Borisovsky in 1932)
  • Brilliant divertissement on themes from Bellini's opera La Sonnambula for piano quintet and double bass
  • Large Sextet Es-dur for piano and string quintet (1832)
  • "Pathetic Trio" in d-moll for clarinet, bassoon and piano (1832)

Romances and songs

  • Venetian Night (1832)
  • "I am here, Inesilla" (1834)
  • "Night Review" (1836)
  • Doubt (1838)
  • "Night Marshmallow" (1838)
  • "The fire of desire burns in the blood" (1839)
  • wedding song "The Wonderful Tower Stands" (1839)
  • vocal cycle "Farewell to St. Petersburg" (1840)
  • "Passing Song" (1840)
  • "Recognition" (1840)
  • "Do I Hear Your Voice" (1848)
  • "Healthy Cup" (1848)
  • "Song of Margaret" from Goethe's tragedy "Faust" (1848)
  • Mary (1849)
  • Adele (1849)
  • "Gulf of Finland" (1850)
  • "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life") (1855)
  • "Don't Say It Hurts Your Heart" (1856)

Anthem of the Russian Federation

Mikhail Glinka's patriotic song from 1991 to 2000 was the official anthem of the Russian Federation.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

  • February 2, 1818 - end of June 1820 - Noble boarding house at the Main Pedagogical Institute - 164 Fontanka River Embankment;
  • August 1820 - July 3, 1822 - Noble boarding house at St. Petersburg University - Ivanovskaya street, 7;
  • summer 1824 - late summer 1825 - Faleev's house - Kanonerskaya street, 2;
  • May 12, 1828 - September 1829 - Barbazan's house - Nevsky prospect, 49;
  • end of winter 1836 - spring 1837 - Merz's house - Glukhoy lane, 8, apt. one;
  • spring 1837 - November 6, 1839 - Capella's house - 20 Moika River embankment;
  • November 6, 1839 - late December 1839 - officers' barracks of the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment - 120 Fontanka River Embankment;
  • September 16, 1840 - February 1841 - Merz's house - Glukhoy lane, 8, apt. one;
  • June 1, 1841 - February 1842 - Shuppe house - Bolshaya Meshchanskaya street, 16;
  • mid-November 1848 - May 9, 1849 - the house of the School for the Deaf and Mute - 54 Moika River Embankment;
  • October - November 1851 - Melikhov's tenement house - Mokhovaya street, 26;
  • December 1, 1851 - May 23, 1852 - Zhukov's house - Nevsky prospect, 49;
  • August 25, 1854 - April 27, 1856 - E. Tomilova's apartment building - Ertelev lane, 7.

Glinka's biography is full of interesting facts and events. The huge legacy left by Mikhail Ivanovich includes romances, works for children, songs and compositions, symphonic fantasies. The main work of the composer is the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila, which became famous all over the world. Music critics call Glinka Pushkin in music. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography is replete with extraordinary facts, wrote the first Russian opera based on historical events. In this article, we will trace the life of the great composer. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose short biography is full of unpredictable twists and turns, has been in love with music since childhood.

Origin

The composer was born at his father's estate on May 20 (according to the old style - June 1) 1804. The first house of Glinka was the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. Mikhail Glinka's father was a retired captain - Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Their family originated from the gentry. The composer's mother is Evgenia Andreevna. Immediately after the birth of the boy, his grandmother, Fyokla Aleksandrovna, took him away. She was so diligent in raising the boy that already in childhood he became painfully touchy. By the age of six, Misha was completely removed from society, even from his own parents. In 1810, the grandmother dies, and the boy is returned to be raised in the family.

Education

Mikhail Glinka, whose short biography is incredibly interesting, was convinced from an early age that he would devote his life to music. The fate of the musician has been known since childhood. As a young child, he studied violin and piano. The boy was taught all this by the governess Varvara Klammer from St. Petersburg. After Mikhail mastered the first basics in art, he was sent to education in the St. Petersburg boarding school, which is located at the pedagogical institute. Wilhelm Küchelbecker becomes his first tutor. Glinka takes lessons from great music teachers, including John Field and Karl Zeiner. It is here that the future composer meets Alexander Pushkin. Strong friendships are established between them, which last until the death of the great poet.

The flowering of creativity

Glinka, whose biography is full of many events, was fascinated by music from an early age, by the age of ten he already skillfully handled the piano and violin. Music for Mikhail Glinka is a vocation from an early age. After graduating from the Noble Boarding School, he gives performances in salons, is actively engaged in self-education, studying the history and features of Western European music. At the same time, the composer composes the first successful works for piano and harp. He writes romances, rondos for orchestras, as well as string septets and orchestral overtures. Zhukovsky, Griboyedov, Mickiewicz, Odoevsky and Delvig replenished his circle of acquaintances. Glinka's biography is interesting not only to his admirers, but also to everyone who is interested in music.

Mikhail Ivanovich spends several years in the Caucasus. But already in 1824 the young composer got a job as an assistant secretary in the Main Directorate of Railways. However, despite being busy, already at the end of the twenties, together with Pavlishchev, he published "Lyric Album". It also includes Mikhail Ivanovich's own works. As you can see, Glinka's biography is interesting with unusual events and unexpected turns.

Since 1830, a new period begins, which is characterized as Italian. Before its start, Glinka makes a summer trip to German cities, and then stops in Milan. At that time, it was this city that was the central point of musical culture all over the world. It is here that Mikhail Glinka meets Donizetti and Bellini. He researches and studies bel canto in detail, after which he composes works in the Italian spirit.

A few years later, in 1833, the composer settled in Germany. Learning from Zigrified Den, he hones and polishes his musical talent. However, the news of the death of his father in 1834 forces the composer to return to Russia. Glinka, whose short biography is interesting not only to the residents of the Russian Federation, but also to Europeans, gave the world two great operas.

"Life for the Tsar"

His dreams are directed towards the creation of a Russian national opera. Working hard, he chooses Ivan Susanin and his feat as the central figure. The author devotes three whole years of his life to his work, and in 1836 he finishes a grandiose opera, which was called "A Life for the Tsar". The first production took place on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg and was received by the society with great enthusiasm. After the overwhelming success of Mikhail Glinka was appointed to the post of Kapellmeister of the Court Chapel. The composer devoted 1838 to rest and travel across Ukraine.

1842 is the year of the release of the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila. The work is received ambiguously by the public and is hotly debated.

Living abroad

Mikhail Glinka, whose biography is rich in facts and events, has devoted many years to the study of the cultures of different European peoples. The year 1844 was marked by a new trip abroad for the great composer. This time, his path lies in France. Here his works are performed by the great Berlioz. In Paris in 1845, Mikhail Ivanovich gave a huge charity concert, after which he went to sunny Spain. Studying the local culture, he composes several symphonic overtures on Spanish folk themes, and the Aragonese Jota overture is also created here.

In 1827, the composer again came to his native Russia, and then immediately went to Warsaw. It is here that he composes the famous "Kamarinskaya". It has become the newest type of symphonic music that combines a variety of rhythms, moods and characters. 1848 - the year of the creation of "Night in Madrid".

Influence of the composer

In 1851 Glinka returned to St. Petersburg again. Here he finds time to give lessons to the new generation, to write opera parts. Thanks to his influence, a Russian vocal school was even created in this city. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose short biography is interesting for its unpredictability, is the founder of many musical trends.

Just a year later, the composer resumes his travels in Europe. On his way to Spain, he stays in Paris for two years. He devotes all his time to the Taras Bulba symphony, but it remains unfinished.

In 1854, the composer returned to his homeland, where he wrote his memoirs and his "Notes". However, he was briefly enough, and he again went to Europe, this time heading for Berlin. Glinka, whose biography begins in Russia, managed to visit many European cities, creating his brilliant works there.

Family life

In 1835, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka married his distant relative Maria Petrovna Ivanova. However, their marriage did not work out, and they soon separated.

Three years after the first marriage and an unsuccessful union, Glinka meets Ekaterina Kern. The best works of the composer were dedicated to her. Glinka loved this woman until the end of his days.

Death of a composer

His biography is of great interest. Glinka M.I. is a great composer and a true patriot.

In February 1857, while in Berlin, Mikhail Glinka died. On February 15, when he was gone, he was first buried in the Lutheran cemetery. However, a couple of months later, his ashes were transported to Russia and reburied at the Tikhvin cemetery in the city of St. Petersburg.

Major achievements

  • Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography allows us to consider it a national treasure, managed to create a lot of beauty in his life, influencing many of his composers-followers.
  • He founded the Russian national composer school.
  • Glinka's works have an impact on the development of Russian and world music. In particular, Dargomyzhsky and Tchaikovsky developed his original ideas in their musical compositions.
  • Glinka created the first Russian national opera entitled "A Life for the Tsar", which is based on a historical plot.
  • Thanks to the influence of the composer, a Russian vocal school was formed in St. Petersburg.

Glinka's biography is of interest to adults and children.

  • Not many people know that Fyokla Aleksandrovna, the grandmother of Mikhail Glinka, the mother of his father, took the boy for upbringing for a reason. A year before Misha was born, a son was born in the family, who died in infancy. The grandmother blamed the mother for this, and therefore, with the appearance of Misha, she took the child to her. She possessed unrestrained autocracy, and therefore no one dared to object to her - neither her daughter-in-law, nor even her own son.
  • The first wife of Mikhail Ivanovich, Maria Petrovna, was uneducated. She also did not know anything about music, and she did not even know who Beethoven was. Perhaps this was the reason that their marriage was unsuccessful and so fleeting.
  • Glinka created patriotic music, which was the anthem of the Russian Federation for almost ten years - from 1991 to 2000.

  • During the transportation of the composer's ashes from Germany to Russia, the box in which the coffin was packed was written in large letters: "PORCELAIN".
  • During his life, Mikhail Ivanovich created about twenty songs and romances, six symphonic works, two great operas, as well as several chamber instrumental compositions.
  • Glinka, whose short biography is studied in Russian and European schools, devoted his life to music.
  • In the native estate of the composer, in Novospasskoye Selo, the Mikhail Glinka Museum was created.
  • In total, three monuments to the composer have been erected in the world: in Kiev, Berlin and Bologna.
  • After Glinka's death, the State Academic Chapel in the city of St. Petersburg was named in his honor.

From all the facts and events described by us, his biography is formed. Glinka M.I. made a huge contribution to Russian culture, many European composers were guided by it.

The composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka remained in history as a great composer of music and the founder of the Russian classical movement in it, as well as the author of the first Russian opera. His work influenced the emergence of other talented names in the musical world of Russia. This master is revered not only at home, but also far beyond its borders.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is a great Russian composer.

early years

Future composer was born in 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. His father, a wealthy nobleman, was a former army captain. Until the age of 6, Misha was raised by his grandmother.

As a child, Mikhail did not hear almost any music - only the play of the church bell and the songs of the peasants. But it was precisely these motives that helped him create complex dramatic compositions in the future, not at all similar to the graceful European melodies of that era.

Young Misha with his sister and mother in a painting by an unknown artist.

The boy heard the first serious musical works on the estate of his uncle, where he moved after the death of his grandmother. There was an orchestra with a good repertoire - they played Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. At the same time, the young talent began to take violin and piano lessons.

The beginning of the composer's career

The subsequent years of Mikhail's life were spent in St. Petersburg. There he enters a boarding school (closed school) for noble children and in parallel learns composition from renowned maestros John Field and Karl Zeiner, who taught in St. Petersburg in those years. Glinka wrote his first musical composition at the age of 13.

After graduating from the boarding school, the young man receives a job as an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The service leaves him a lot of free time, and the aspiring composer is actively involved in the musical life of the city.

By this time, he had already acquired his first fame. Glinka composes a lot, especially romances(so called songs on tender, lyrical verses).

At the age of 26, M.I. Glinka embarks on a long journey across Europe. He
everywhere he meets famous composers, attends classes in conservatories, listens to the best singers.

Mikhail Glinka is rightfully considered the founder of Russian opera.

At the same time, Mikhail comes to understand that his place is in his homeland, that it is for his people that he must create.

The flowering of creativity

Glinka experienced great love during his travels. And although it did not end with marriage, it became an impetus for creativity.

In 1836, the young composer's opera "A Life for the Tsar" appeared. Its original name is "Ivan Susanin" in honor of a peasant who, during the Russian-Polish war of 1612, led an enemy detachment into an impassable swamp.

The opera was a huge success. Tsar Nicholas I received her with enthusiasm and presented the composer with an expensive ring.

In parallel, the composer writes instrumental compositions for keyboards and wind instruments, as well as wonderful romances to verses by Russian poets.

Soon work began on a new opera Ruslan and Lyudmila based on the tale of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. This work was shown to the public in 1842 and was very disliked by music connoisseurs.

Contemporary production of the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila.

Glinka was so upset by the criticism that he even left Russia. From now on and until the end of his life, he will return to his homeland only for a short time.

Later years. Death

The last years of Mikhail Ivanovich's life were spent almost in continuous travel. In southern Europe, France and Spain, he collects and processes folk melodies.

In Paris he met the famous composer Berlioz and wrote works for a symphony orchestra.

In Warsaw composes the musical play "Kamarinskaya", where he combines the melodies of Russian folk songs - a melodious wedding and a fiery dance song.

At work.

The last city of the composer was Berlin, where he suddenly died of a cold in February 1857.

Facts from life

There are many autobiographical notes of the maestro, as well as messages about him from friends and contemporaries:

  1. Glinka called himself "mimosa" because of the too caring grandmother's upbringing.
  2. In his youth, the composer had a wonderful voice, he was admired even by Italian singers.
  3. The author found performers for the choir in his operas in different provinces of the Russian Empire.
  4. Glinka had a special connection with Pushkin. They were friends during the poet's life. Alexander Sergeevich wrote a poem "I remember a wonderful moment" and dedicated it to Anna Kern. And Mikhail Ivanovich was in love with Katenka Kern, Anna's daughter, and wrote a romance based on these verses.

Heritage. Meaning

The legacy of M.I. Glinka compose 2 operas, several symphonic works, compositions for piano and strings, romances and songs, church themes. Pieces for one instrument were sometimes reworked for an orchestra (for example, the famous Waltz-Fantasy).

Composer became the founder of the Russian trend in classical music. His melodies were based on folk traditions, and the themes of most of his musical compositions were inspired by the events of Russian history.

It was with the recognition of Glinka's creativity that our culture began to occupy an increasingly prominent place in the world.

Three conservatories are named after the composer. Monuments have been erected to him in Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Kiev. The estate where he was born has been turned into a house-museum.

Monument to M.I. Glinka in St. Petersburg.

"Patriotic Song" by M. I. Glinka sounded like the official anthem of Russia in 1991 - 2000.

We have a serious task ahead! Develop your own style and pave a new path for Russian opera music.
M. Glinka

Glinka ... to such an extent corresponded to the needs of the time and the root essence of his people that the business he had begun flourished and grew in a very short time and gave such fruits that were unknown in our fatherland during all the centuries of its historical life.
V. Stasov

In the person of M. Glinka, Russian musical culture for the first time nominated a composer of world importance. Relying on the centuries-old traditions of Russian folk and professional music, the achievements and experience of European art, Glinka completed the formation of the national school of composition, which conquered in the 19th century. one of the leading places in European culture, became the first Russian classical composer. In his work, Glinka expressed the progressive ideological aspirations of the time. His works are imbued with the ideas of patriotism, faith in the people. Like A. Pushkin, Glinka sang the beauty of life, the triumph of reason, kindness, justice. He created art so harmonious and beautiful that you never tire of admiring it, discovering more and more perfection in it.

What shaped the personality of the composer? Glinka writes about this in her "Notes" - a wonderful example of memoir literature. He calls the main impressions of childhood Russian songs (they were "the first reason that later I began to develop mainly Russian folk music"), as well as the serf orchestra of his uncle, which he "loved most." As a boy, Glinka played the flute and violin in it, as he grew older, he conducted. Bell ringing and church singing filled his soul with "the most lively poetic delight". Young Glinka was good at drawing, passionately dreamed of travel, was distinguished by his lively mind and rich imagination. Two great historical events were the most important facts of his biography for the future composer: the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Decembrist uprising in 1825. They determined the main idea of ​​creativity ("We will devote our souls to our homeland with beautiful impulses"), as well as political convictions. According to a friend of his youth N. Markevich, "Mikhailo Glinka ... did not sympathize with any Bourbons."

Glinka's stay at the St. Petersburg Noble Boarding School (1817-22), famous for its progressive-minded teachers, had a beneficial effect. His tutor at the boarding house was V. Küchelbecker, the future Decembrist. His youth passed in an atmosphere of ardent political and literary disputes with friends, and some of Glinka's people, after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, were among those exiled to Siberia. No wonder Glinka was interrogated about his connections with the "rioters".

In the ideological and artistic formation of the future composer, a significant role was played by Russian literature with its interest in history, creativity, and the life of the people; direct communication with A. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Griboyedov, V. Odoevsky, A. Mitskevich. Musical impressions were also varied. Glinka took piano lessons (from J. Field, and then from S. Mayer), studied singing and playing the violin. He often visited theaters, attended musical evenings, played music in four hands with the Vielgorsky brothers, A. Varlamov, began to compose romances and instrumental pieces. In 1825, one of the masterpieces of Russian vocal lyric poetry appeared - the romance "Do not tempt" on the verses of E. Baratynsky.

Glinka's travels gave many bright artistic impulses: a trip to the Caucasus (1823), a stay in Italy, Austria, Germany (1830-34). A sociable, ardent, enthusiastic young man who combined kindness and straightforwardness with poetic sensitivity, he easily made friends. In Italy, Glinka became close to V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, met with F. Mendelssohn, later G. Berlioz, J. Meyerbeer, S. Moniuszko would appear among his friends. Eagerly absorbing a variety of impressions, Glinka studied seriously and inquisitively, completing his musical education in Berlin with the famous theorist Z. Den.

It was here, far from his homeland, that Glinka fully realized his true mission. "The idea of ​​national music ... became clearer and clearer, an intention arose to create a Russian opera." This idea came true upon his return to St. Petersburg: in 1836 the opera “Ivan Susanin” was completed. Its plot, suggested by Zhukovsky, made it possible to embody the idea of ​​a feat in the name of saving the motherland, which was extremely fascinating to Glinka. This was new: in all European and Russian music, there was no patriotic hero like Susanin, whose image summarizes the best typical features of the national character.

The heroic idea is embodied by Glinka in the forms characteristic of national art, on the basis of the richest traditions of Russian songwriting, Russian professional choral art, which organically combined with the laws of European opera music, with the principles of symphonic development.

The premiere of the opera on November 27, 1836 was perceived by the leading figures of Russian culture as an event of great importance. "With Glinka's opera ... a new element in Art appears, and a new period begins in its history - the period of Russian music," wrote Odoevsky. The opera was highly appreciated by Russians, later foreign writers and critics. Pushkin, who was present at the premiere, wrote a quatrain:

Listening to this very novelty,
Envy, darkening with malice,
Let it grind, but Glinka
Cannot trample into the mud.

The success inspired the composer. Immediately after the premiere of Susanin, work began on the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila (based on the plot of Pushkin's poem). However, all kinds of circumstances: an unsuccessful marriage that ended in divorce; the highest mercy is the service in the Court Singing Chapel, which took a lot of energy; the tragic death of Pushkin in a duel, which ruined the plans for joint work on the work - all this did not favor the creative process. Household disorder interfered. For some time Glinka lived with the playwright N. Kukolnik in a noisy and cheerful environment of the kukolnikov "fraternity" - artists, poets, who fairly distracted from creativity. Despite this, the work progressed, and at the same time other works appeared - romances to poems by Pushkin, the vocal cycle Farewell to St. Petersburg (at Kukolnik station), the first version of Waltz-Fantasy, music to the Puppeteer's drama Prince Kholmsky.

Glinka's activity as a singer and vocal teacher dates back to this time. He writes "Studies for the Voice", "Exercises for Improving the Voice", "School of Singing". Among his students are S. Gulak-Artemovsky, D. Leonova and others.

The premiere of Ruslan and Lyudmila on November 27, 1842 brought Glinka a lot of hard feelings. The opera was greeted with hostility by the aristocratic audience headed by the imperial family. And among the supporters of Glinka, opinions were sharply divided. The reasons for the complex attitude towards opera lie in the deeply innovative essence of the work, which began the fabulous-epic opera house, previously unknown in Europe, where various musical-figurative spheres appeared in a bizarre interweaving - epic, lyrical, oriental, fantastic. Glinka "sang Pushkin's poem in an epic manner" (B. Asafiev), and the unhurried development of events, based on the change of colorful pictures, was prompted by Pushkin's words: "Deeds of bygone days, legends of deep antiquity." As a development of Pushkin's most intimate ideas, other features of the opera appeared in the opera. Solar music, glorifying the love of life, faith in the triumph of good over evil, echoes the famous "Long live the sun, let the darkness hide!" "There is a Russian spirit, there is a smell of Russia." Glinka spent several subsequent years abroad in Paris (1844-45) and in Spain (1845-47), specially studying Spanish before the trip. In Paris, a concert of works by Glinka was held with great success, about which he wrote: “... I the first Russian composer, who introduced the Parisian public to his name and his works written in Russia and for Russia". Spanish impressions inspired Glinka to create two symphonic pieces: Jota Aragonese (1845) and Memories of a Summer Night in Madrid (1848-51). Simultaneously with them, in 1848, the famous "Kamarinskaya" appeared - a fantasy on the themes of two Russian songs. Russian symphonic music has its origins in these works, as well as in “lectures to connoisseurs and the common public”.