Report: The image of Sonya Marmeladova in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Sonya Marmeladova - the personification of good (based on the novel by F
Sonya Marmeladova
SONYA MARMELADOVA - the heroine of the novel by FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (1866), the daughter of the first marriage of a drunken official who lost her job, tortured by the reproaches of her stepmother, distraught with poverty and consumption, forced to go to the panel to support the drunkard father and his family ... “It was“… ”a thin and pale face, rather irregular, somewhat sharp-witted, with a sharp little nose and chin. She could not even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they perked up, her expression became so kind and simple-minded that it involuntarily attracted her. For Raskol'nikov, this woman personifies the hope of salvation from loneliness: after all, she, too, “transgressed” the absolute commandment (“do not commit adultery”), “killed” herself. But S.M. not alone. She sacrificed herself for the sake of others, not for herself. Compassion for those close to her, humble faith in the mercy of God never left her. She reads the Gospel lines to Ras-Kolnikov about the resurrection of Lazarus by Christ, hoping for a miracle in her life. "The stub has long been extinguished in a crooked candlestick, dimly illuminating in this beggarly room the murderer and the harlot, who strangely came together reading the eternal book." It is to her, S.M., that Raskolnikov confesses to the murder of the old woman and Lizaveta. She invites him to "accept suffering and redeem himself with it," then imperceptibly accompanies him to the police office, and after the trial - to Siberia, where she patiently endures his indifference. Other convicts treat her with tenderness and affection. S.'s selfless love finally revives Raskolnikov's heart, and a "new life" opens up before them. Along with the image of S., Dostoevsky undertook a number of attempts to create "positively beautiful" people: Prince X. ("Netochka Nezvanov"), Rostanev ("The village of Stepanchiko-vo ..."), Prince Myshkin ("The Idiot"), Elder Tikhon ( “Demons”), Makar Dolgoruky (“The Teenager”), Elder Zosima, Alyosha Karamazov, and others - in the future, more and more connecting them with the church.
Lit. see the article "Raskolnikov".
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Sonya Marmeladova plays an important role in the novel Crime and Punishment. Initially, the heroine occupied a secondary place in the narrative, however, F. M. Dostoevsky, with the help of the image of Sonya, expressed his Christian thoughts, which made the image of the heroine really important in the ideological content.
Biography
The life history of this image is important. Marmeladova Sofya Semyonovna was born into a poor family. At the time of the story, the heroine was 18 years old. Sonia lost her mother as a child. The father was a drinker, which made the situation of their family extremely poor. Initially, Sonya lives with her family in the outback, and then moves to St. Petersburg, but her father cannot find work there either. For the sake of his father and his new wife Katerina Ivanovna, who had three children, Sonechka earns money first as a seamstress. She received very little for her work, and sometimes she was not paid at all. Therefore, she made the decision for the sake of her family to go on the "yellow ticket", which she was very ashamed of.
Sonya's fate is hard and tragic. However, the heroine does not give up and continues to go through all the tests on her way. Sonechka's meeting with Rodion Raskolnikov has compositional significance. Two important characters in the story meet and influence each other. After Raskolnikov's confession of the murder, Sonya goes to Siberia after him. She is happy that in seven years they will be together.
Character
An analysis of the image of Sonya is impossible without considering her inner qualities. Sonechka Marmeladova is a pure and merciful girl who is capable of self-sacrifice for the sake of every person, close to her or unfamiliar. The fact that she helps her drinking father and Katerina Ivanovna, who is not her real mother, suggests that Sonya is kind and merciful. Moreover, the heroine helps people without any selfish goals, with all her heart. The real feat is her desire to help other people and her ability to self-sacrifice.
Humility is the heroine's way of life. However, her character cannot be called weak, this is truly one of the strongest female images in Russian literature. No life obstacles break Sonechka, she is ready to go ahead.
Sonia's faith in God helps her to withstand all misfortunes. She does not murmur against God because of her plight and tragic situation, she believes in justice. It is this faith that helps Sonechka continue her life path herself and shine her humanity to other people.
Another stimulus to life for Sonya is love. She is sincere and good-natured.
The meaning of the image
The image of Sonya is of great importance in the novel Crime and Punishment. Her influence on the image of Raskolnikov is really great. The characters spend a lot of time talking and finding solace. Sonya is Rodion's support, thanks to her moral qualities Raskolnikov "suddenly changed": "his cheeky and powerlessly defiant tone disappeared." The hero confesses to the murder of an old money-lender.
Sonechka does not leave the main character, she goes with him. The heroine, even in the killer, was able to find a person. For Raskolnikov, she became a moral salvation, repentance for the theory. All prisoners love her for her character and spiritual qualities, she becomes for them a symbol of repentance and forgiveness. Thus, F.M.Dostoevsky's novel shows that Sonechka Marmeladova bears a divine principle capable of influencing other people.
Sonya, like Christ, consciously leads herself to sin. She does this not out of selfish motives, but in order to help her family. Her fall is at the same time a feat. Not every person is able to take such a step to save loved ones.
Like many heroes of the novel, Marmeladova has her own theory - the theory of God. Having learned about Raskolnikov's worldview, she tells him that she does not support his theory that there can be no division in the world into “the right of those who have” and “trembling creatures”, that all people are equal and that no one person can decide the fate of another person. All people are equal, according to Sonya, just before God.
This theory shows the heroine as a real Christian, which F.M.Dostoevsky tried to convey.
Believing in God, Sonya does not call Raskolnikov to this, she wants him to come to faith himself. The character gradually comes to the conclusion that her beliefs are now his beliefs.
Sonya's significance lies not only in the fact that she leads Rodion along the right path to God, but also in the fact that the heroine is the spokesman for the ideas of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky himself, for whom religion occupied an important place in life. In the image of Sonechka Marmeladova, he showed an ideal female image, whose faith is capable of reviving not only herself, but also other people.
This article examines the image of Sonya Marmeladova, its meaning in the work, and the article will help to write the essay "Sonya Marmeladova".
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Marmeladova Sofya Semyonovna (Sonya) is a character in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. For the first time we get to know her in absentia, during a conversation between the girl's father and Raskolnikov.
The action takes place in a tavern. Then, a few days later, Rodion meets her drunk. Not knowing that this is Sonya, he already wants to help her. What kind of spiritual image can we talk about? As in other works of the author, not everything is so simple. Her life is confused and full of tragedy. But, before moving on to the topic of the spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova, it is worth paying attention to her family.
Family of Sonya Marmeladova
Sonya was left without a mother early. Perhaps this played a major role in her fate. At the time of her acquaintance, she lives with her father (Semyon Zakharovich), stepmother (Katerina Ivanovna) and her three children left over from her first marriage.
Father of Sonya Marmeladova
Sonya's father, Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov is a once respected person, a titular adviser. Now he is an ordinary alcoholic who is unable to provide for his family. The Marmeladovs are on the brink. From day to day they risk being left not so much without a piece of bread, but without shelter over their heads. The owner of the room rented by the family, every now and then threatens to kick them out into the street. Sonya feels responsible for her father, because he took out all the valuable things, even the clothes of his wife. Unable to look at what is happening, she decides to take care of the family herself. And for this he chooses not the most worthy profession. But the word "chooses" doesn't quite fit this situation. Did she have a choice? Most likely no! This is what spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova... With a compassionate disposition, she takes pity on her father. In my own way. Not realizing that he is the cause of all her troubles, she gives him money for vodka.
Stepmother Katerina Ivanovna
Stepmother Sonya is only 30 years old. What made her marry fifty-year-old Marmeladov? Nothing less than a beggarly situation. Marmeladov himself admits that he is not a couple for such a proud and educated woman. He found her in such distress that he simply could not help but pity her. As an officer's daughter, she also did spiritual feat, agreeing to marry Marmeladov in the name of saving his children. The relatives refused her and did not provide any assistance. described the life of the poorest strata of the population of Russia at that time in the best possible way: what difficulties they faced, what they had to endure, etc. Katerina Ivanovna is a woman with a higher education. She has an extraordinary intelligence and lively character. There are traits of pride in it. It was she who pushed Sonya to become a girl of easy virtue. But Dostoevsky finds a justification for this too. Like any other mother, she cannot bear the crying of hungry children. One phrase, spoken in the heat of the moment, becomes fatal in the fate of her stepdaughter. Katerina Ivanovna herself could not even think that Sonya would take her words seriously. But when the girl returned home with the money, and lay down on the bed, covered with a handkerchief, Katerina Ivanovna kneels in front of her and kisses her feet. She cries out loud, asking forgiveness for the fall of her stepdaughter. Of course, the reader may ask the question: why did she not take this path herself? Not so simple. Katerina Ivanovna is sick with tuberculosis. Consumption, as it was called at the time. Every day she gets worse and worse. But she continues to carry out her household chores - cooking, cleaning and washing all members of her family. At that time, her stepdaughter was 18 years old. Katerina Ivanovna understood what sacrifice she had to make for the sake of people who were absolutely strangers to her. Can this act be called a spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova? Of course yes. The stepmother did not allow anyone to speak badly of her, she appreciated her help.
Children of Katerina Ivanovna
As for the children of Katerina Ivanovna, there were three of them. The first - Fields, 10 years old, the second - Kolya, 7 years old, and the third - Lida, 6 years old. Katerina Ivanovna is a woman with a difficult character. She is lively and emotional. Sonya has been affected by her more than once, but she continues to respect her. Sonia perceives the children of Katerina Ivanovna not as half-steps, but as her own brothers and sisters by blood. They love her no less. And this can also be called the spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova. Katerina Ivanovna treats everyone with strong severity. She cannot stand crying, even if the children are crying from hunger. In a conversation with Raskolnikov, Marmeladov mentions that they too, poor children, fall heavily on their mother. Raskolnikov himself is convinced of this when he accidentally gets into their house. A frightened girl is standing in the corner, a little boy is crying violently as if he has just been severely beaten, and the third child is sleeping right on the floor.
Sonya Marmeladova has a cute appearance. She is thin, fair-haired and blue-eyed. Raskolnikov finds it completely transparent. Sonya wore two types of clothes. For an unworthy profession, she always wore her indecent dress. However, these were the same rags. It was a multi-colored dress with a long and ridiculous tail. A huge crinoline blocked the entire passage. The straw hat was decorated with a brightly fiery feather. I had light-colored boots on my feet. It is difficult to imagine a more ridiculous image. She was humiliated and broken and ashamed of her appearance. In ordinary life, Sonya dressed modestly, in clothes that did not attract attention to herself.
Sonya Marmeladova's room
In order to evaluate spiritual feat Sonya Marmeladova, it is worth familiarizing yourself with her room. A room ... This word is too majestic for the room in which she lived. It was a barn, a shabby barn with crooked walls. Three windows overlooked the ditch. There was almost no furniture in it. Of the few interior items - a bed, a chair and a table covered with a blue tablecloth. Two wicker chairs, a simple chest of drawers ... That's all that was in the room. The yellowed wallpaper indicated that the room was damp and uncomfortable in winter. The author emphasizes that the beds did not even have curtains. Sonya was forced to move here after taking an unrighteous path. It was indecent to live with the family, since everyone shamed them for this and demanded the owner of the house to immediately evict the Marmeladovs.
What unites Sonya Marmeladova and Raskolnikov
Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova - two main characters of the work "Crime and Punishment"... They are united by one thing - violation of the laws of God. These are two kindred souls. She cannot leave him alone and goes to hard labor after him. This is another spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova. Raskolnikov himself involuntarily associates Sonya with his sister, who decides to marry an elderly gentleman in the name of saving her brother. Throughout the work, one can trace the willingness of women to sacrifice themselves. At the same time, the author tries to emphasize the spiritual failure of men. One is a drunkard, the other is a criminal, the third is excessively greedy.
What exactly is the spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova
Against the background of the rest of the characters in the work of Dostoevsky, Sonya is the embodiment of self-sacrifice. Raskolnikov, in the name of justice, does not notice anything happening around him. Luzhin is trying to embody the idea of capitalist predation.
Why Sonya Marmeladova decided on a spiritual feat and took up prostitution? There are many answers. First of all, in order to save the children of Katerina Ivanovna who are dying of hunger. Just think about it! What a sense of responsibility a person must have in front of absolutely strangers in order to decide on such a thing! The second is the feeling of guilt for your own father. Could she have walked differently? Unlikely. Throughout history, no one has heard words of condemnation from her. She never asks for more. Every day watching the children suffer from hunger, seeing that they do not have the most necessary clothes, Sonya realizes that this is a common dead end.
Spiritual feat Dream of Marmeladova lies in her willingness to sacrifice herself. Her image and moral considerations are close to the people, therefore the author does not condemn her in the eyes of the reader, but tries to evoke sympathy and compassion. She is endowed with such traits as humility and forgiveness. But it is the main character who saves the soul of that same Raskolnikov and those who were in hard labor with him.
Sonya Marmeladova is a wonderful combination of Faith, Hope and Love. She does not condemn anyone for committed sins and does not call for atonement for them. This is the lightest image! The spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova lies in the fact that she managed to keep a pure soul. Despite the prosperity of shame, meanness, deceit and malice.
She deserves the highest human praise. He himself calls the couple Sonya and Raskolnikov nothing else than a harlot and a murderer. After all, this is exactly how they look in the eyes of rich people. He awakens them to a new life. Eternal love resurrects them.
& copy Vsevolod Sakharov. All rights reserved.
Sonya Marmeladova is the central female character in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Her difficult fate evokes in readers an involuntary feeling of pity and respect, because in order to save her family from hunger, a poor girl is forced to become a fallen woman.
And although she has to lead an immoral lifestyle, in her soul she remains pure and noble, forcing us to think about real human values.
Characteristics of the main character
(Acquaintance with Sonya)
On the pages of the novel, Sonechka does not appear immediately, but after the commission of two crimes by Radion Raskolnikov. He meets her father, a minor official and a bitter drunkard, Semyon Marmeladov, and he, with gratitude and tears, tells about his only-begotten daughter Sonia, who, in order to feed her father, stepmother and children, goes to a terrible sin. Quiet and modest Sonia, unable to find another job, goes to the panel and gives all the money she earned to her father and his family. Having received a so-called "yellow ticket" instead of a passport, she has the legal opportunity to work as a prostitute, and it is unlikely that she will ever be able to give up this terrible and humiliating craft.
Sonya became an orphan early, her father married and started another family. There was always not enough money, the children were starving, and the embittered stepmother made scandals and, in despair from such a life, sometimes reproached her stepdaughter with a piece of bread. Conscientious Sonya could not stand this and decided on a desperate act in order to earn money for her family. The sacrifice of the poor girl struck Raskolnikov to the depths of his soul, and he was impressed by this story long before the very meeting with Sonya.
(Soviet actress Tatyana Bedova as Sonechka Marmeladova, film "Crime and Punishment" 1969)
We first meet her in the pages of the novel on the day her father was crushed by a drunken cabman. This is a slender blonde of short stature, about seventeen or eighteen years old, with gentle and remarkably beautiful blue eyes. She is dressed in a colorful and slightly ridiculous outfit, which directly indicates the occupation. Shyly, like a ghost, she stands on the threshold of the closet and does not dare to go there, which is why her conscientious and naturally pure nature makes her feel dirty and vicious.
The meek and quiet Sonya, who considers herself a great sinner, unworthy to be near ordinary people, does not know how to behave among those present, does not dare to sit next to Raskolnikov's mother and sister. She is humiliated and insulted by such low and vile people as the court councilor Luzhin and the landlady Amalia Fyodorovna, and she patiently and resignedly takes down everything, because she cannot stand up for herself and is absolutely defenseless against impudence and rudeness.
(Sonya listens to Raskolnikov, realizing, goes to help him, to his repentance)
And although outwardly she looks fragile and defenseless, behaves like a hunted animal, a huge spiritual strength is hidden inside Sonya Marmeladova, from which she draws strength to live on and help other miserable and disadvantaged people. This power is called love: to the father, to his children, for whom she sold her body and ruined her soul, to Raskolnikov, after whom she goes to hard labor and patiently endures his indifference. She does not hold any grudge against anyone, does not blame anyone for her crippled fate, she understands and forgives everyone. In order not to condemn people and forgive their vices and mistakes, you need to be a very whole, strong and generous person, which is a simple girl with a difficult fate, Sonya Marmeladova.
The image of the heroine in the work
Timid and driven, aware of all her horror and shame of the situation, Sonya ( translated from Greek, her name means wisdom) patiently and resignedly carries his cross, without complaining or blaming anyone for such a fate. Her exceptional love for people and fiery religiosity give her the strength to endure her heavy burden and help those in need with a kind word, support and prayer.
For her, the life of any person is sacred, she lives according to the laws of Christ and every criminal is an unhappy person for her, demanding forgiveness and atonement for his sin. Her strong faith and a great sense of compassion made Raskolnikov confess to the perfect murder, then sincerely repent, come to God, and this became for him the beginning of a new life and his complete spiritual renewal.
The image of the heroine, which has become an immortal classic, teaches us all great love for our neighbor, dedication and self-sacrifice. Sonya Marmeladova, the beloved heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, because she embodied in the pages of the novel his most intimate thoughts and ideal ideas about the Christian religion. The life principles of Sonya and Dostoevsky are almost identical: it is a belief in the power of goodness and justice, that we all need forgiveness and humility, and most importantly, love for a person, no matter what sins he commits.
