How the bazaars changed after returning home. Composition - analysis of the episode "Departure of Bazarov from his native nest" (Chapter 21 of the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
> Compositions based on Fathers and Sons
Bazarov's attitude to parents
The novel of the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" was significant for its time. Written in the second half of the 19th century, it fully reflected the problems of the era and the conflict between the older and younger generations that was relevant in all centuries. The prominent representatives of the older generation in it are Bazarov's parents - Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna Bazarov. These are the only people who accepted their son for who he is, because they truly loved him.
Despite the fact that the author paid them not as much attention as the Kirsanov family, we understand that these are people of the old school, brought up in accordance with strict rules and traditional dogmas. Vasily Ivanovich, as well as his son, is a doctor doctor. In the eyes of those around him, he tries to seem progressive, but he is betrayed by distrust of modern methods of medicine. Arina Vlasyevna is a real Russian woman. She is illiterate and very devout. In general, it makes a pleasant impression on the reader. The author notes that she should have been born two hundred years ago.
Both father and mother treat their son with reverence. They do not love him, despite his sharply liberal views. For them, it does not matter whether Eugene is close or far away, the main thing is that everything is fine with him. The attitude of Bazarov himself to his parents can hardly be called love. Sometimes they openly annoy him. This is not to say that he appreciates the parental warmth with which they diligently surrounded him. He is not pleased with their attempts to show joy in his presence. That is why he calls himself a "nihilist" in order to deny all the prevailing rules in society.
Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna know about the views of their son and about his rejection of increased attention, so they try to hide their true feelings. Perhaps Bazarov himself loves his parents in his heart, but he does not know how to openly show any emotions. Take, for example, his attitude towards Anna Sergeevna, whom he seriously liked and with whom he was really in love. Eugene never told her the most important thing, but only deliberately stifled his feelings. Only, already dying, he wrote her a letter reminding her of his love and asking her to come.
As it became clear at the end of the work, all his reactions were ostentatious. He was an absolutely normal, loving and good person, just in order to stand out from the crowd, he chose such an extraordinary way. Moreover, in a letter to Madame Odintsova, he did not forget to mention his old people, begging her to look after them. The following lines testify precisely to his love for his parents: "You cannot find people like them in your big light in the daytime with fire."
Lesson topic: Bazarov and his parents.
The purpose of the lesson: to consider the images of the father and mother, to reveal the relationship between Bazarov and his parents, to expand the psychological portrait of the protagonist; develop students' reading interest, communication skills; foster a sense of duty in children towards their parents.
Equipment: epigraphs for the lesson, illustrations for the novel, presentation for the lesson.
During the classes.
Organizing time.
Guys, tell me, how often do you say words of love, confess your love? To whom do you most often say, "I love you"? Of course, first of all, to your beloved girls. Remember the last time you said to your parents, “I love you. Thank you for having you. " But they no less than your girls need our words of love, our support. They need us.
Writing an epigraph for the lesson.
You probably guessed, today in the lesson we will talk about relationships with parents, about the attitude of our hero Yevgeny Bazarov to his parents. Let's turn to our first epigraph.
"People like them cannot be found in our big light in the daytime with fire." ( Bazarov about parents).
Every child can say the same about their parents.
Work on the topic of the lesson.
1) Let's first remember who Bazarov is and what you learned about him.Working with portraits Bazarov. Turgenev gives a small description of the appearance of his hero. We will learn more about him from other heroes. (Bazarov is a nihilist. Bazarov is a future doctor, he is studying at a medical university. After a three-year absence from home, he comes home, where his parents are eagerly awaiting him.) What can you say looking at the portraits of Bazarov? How does he appear before you?
2) Yes, Bazarov is a nihilist. Who is a Nihilist? How does Bazarov characterize himself? (We deny everything!) This means that nihilists deny love, romanticism, sentimentalism. When others don't think so. Therefore, we can say that Bazarov is alone.
3) Let's remember when Bazarov comes to his parents. Straightaway? (No, almost a month after his arrival from St. Petersburg. He comes to his parents after a difficult conversation with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. He, a nihilist who denies all living things, fell in love with this woman. in order to forget Odintsova, Bazarov tries to distract himself, goes to his parents).
4) Tell us how his parents met Bazarov.
5) Who are they, what do they do? (Vasily Ivanovich is a very kind person. He treats the peasants free of charge, although he had already refused to work as a doctor. He seeks to replenish his knowledge. Vasily Ivanovich is a hospitable host, he gladly meets Arkady, offers him a comfortable room, albeit in an outhouse. Vasily Ivanovich she loves to talk a lot. Arina Vlasyevna is superstitious and ignorant, she was afraid of frogs, she did not read books. She loved to eat, sleep and “knew a lot about housekeeping.” She did not understand politics. She is very kind and caring: she will not go to bed if her husband has a headache; loves her son more than anything else. Arina Vlasyevna is a person of a different way of life than her son.)
6) How do father and mother relate to Eugene? (His mother affectionately calls him Enyushka; they were afraid to disturb him once more)
7) Can Bazarov be called a good son? (Yes, you can. He cares about their financial condition, during his studies he did not ask for a penny from them. Dying, he asks Odintsova to take care of her parents: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big light in the daytime with fire ... ")
8) What is the reason for his "dry" communication with his parents? (With a break with Odintsova)
9) Can we say that Bazarov is insensitive towards his parents? (No, he does not want to upset his parents, so he decides to say about his departure only in the evening.)
10) Why does the life of his parents seem to Bazarov "deaf"?
11) How does Bazarov feel about his parents? (Bazarov loves his parents, directly says to Arkady: “I love you, Arkady.” And this is a lot in his mouth. In the first moments of his meeting with his father, he looks at him with love and understands how he, poor man, has turned gray. The kindness of his father finds in him But Bazarov cannot close his eyes to the difference in views and goals in life. Bazarov cannot accept such a deaf life. Bazarov does not want to struggle with the little things of life, his task is to remake the foundations of life: to correct society and diseases will not. parents cannot, any attempt to scold them would at least upset them, would not bring any benefit).
12) Death of Bazarov. What does Bazarov die from? How does Bazarov feel about his death? (An experienced and understanding doctor, Bazarov knows perfectly well what needs to be done in case of infection, but he does not.)
13) Tell us about the experiences of Bazarov's parents during his illness.
Work on the picture. In 1874, the artist V. Perov painted a picture based on the novel "Fathers and Sons" "Old parents at the grave of their son."
Work with text. How does this picture make you feel? (For parents, there is nothing more painful than the loss of their child.)
I want to read you a parable.One young man was unlucky in Love. All the girls somehow came across to him "not the same" in life. Some he considered ugly, others stupid, others grumpy. Tired of searching for the ideal, the young man decided to seek wise advice from the elder of the tribe.
Having carefully listened to the young man, the elder said:
I see that your trouble is great. But tell me how do you feel about your mother?
The young man was very surprised.
What has my mother to do with it? Well, I don’t know ... She often irritates me: with her stupid questions, intrusive care, complaints and requests. But I can say that I love her.
The elder paused, shook his head and continued the conversation:
Well, I will reveal to you the most important secret of Love. There is happiness, and it is hidden in your precious heart. And the seed of your prosperity in Love was planted by a very important person in your life. Your mother. And as you treat her, so you will treat all women in the world. After all, mom is the first Love who took you into her caring arms. This is your first image of a woman. If you love and honor your mother, you will learn to value and respect all women. And then you will see that one day the girl you like will respond to your attention with an affectionate look, a gentle smile and wise speeches. You will not be prejudiced against women. You will see them True. Our attitude towards Rod is the measure of our happiness.
The young man bowed gratefully to the wise old man. Going back, he heard the following behind his back:
Yes, and do not forget: look for that girl for Life who will love and honor her father!
What is this parable about? What conclusion can be drawn?
We, children, are indebted to our parents, we are obliged to protect them in old age, to be support and hope. They shouldn't worry about our terrible deeds, bad grades, bad behavior. It is in our power to make the life of parents happier. The poet M. Ryabinin has the following lines (lesson epigraph):
Bow down to your mother's ground
And bow to your father to the ground ...
We owe them an unpaid debt -
Remember this sacredly all your life.
I asked you to write an essay about your parents. What do they mean to you. You started asking what to write, how to write. What they do for us cannot be described in words. And everyone said that they mean EVERYTHING to you!
“I really love and appreciate my parents. Sometimes we have disagreements, but still we make up. My dad taught me how to play hockey, and now I'm on the team. And mom will always help in difficult times. In any difficult situation, parents will give advice and are always there "
"I really love my parents. I owe them my life. They raised me and taught me everything that they know themselves "
“I very often think that my mother can and knows everything in the world, from repairing a motorcycle, delicious pies and ending with the ability to communicate with me and understand me. My mother has good friends, because it cannot be otherwise, she is the best. I really love, appreciate, am proud and respect my mother "
“It happened in my life that I live with my father. Dad is strict with me. He always says: "In any situation, remain human." My father wants me to achieve everything myself. Only thanks to him I fell in love with sports. I am very grateful to my dad for his care and love "
“About two years ago I had an unbearable character, very often I quarreled with my parents. I am very grateful to my parents for enduring my evil character. And today I have a warm relationship with them. I want it to continue like this, it just gets better. "
“Parents are the most precious thing in our life. Each person must and must respect, love, value and value them. I have a large and very close-knit family. It so happened that my brothers and sisters and I were left without parents, but we still do not stop loving and remembering them. They are also alive for us. They are always with us. I have a brother I can rely on. In difficult times, we always help each other, we will lend a helping hand. Also, our beloved grandmother lives with us, who partly replaced our parents. She does not cherish the soul in us, protects us from the hardships of life, always side by side with us, both in sorrow and in joy. We sincerely wish her good health and patience in raising us. My brothers and sister and I understand what a difficult, titanic work it is. For our part, we also help her with the housework, babysitting her sister. I am sure that we will all overcome all the difficulties and hardships of life that fate has prepared for us. Take care of your parents and your loved ones during life. Give them your warmth and love while your hearts beat. "
“My mother was the best, the most caring. She was a good housewife, a good mother, and a good wife. My parents always devoted their free time to me. Every Sunday we went to church for services, she sang in the kliros, baked prosphora. Every morning she took me to the kindergarten. I will never forget her !!! I love her very much and often feel her presence next to me "
Presentation (photo with parents). Look at the happy faces of your parents. They are happy that we are with them. So don't make your parents sad. Support them, talk to them, be silent with them, always be with them. It was not for nothing that I ended the presentation with a photograph with your master. After all, here, at the Lyceum, she is your mother. Therefore, do not upset her with your bad behavior, your bad marks. Guys, do not forget, when you come home, hug your parents and say that you love them very much. Do not forget to congratulate your dear mothers on Mother's Day.
What could be more expensive for a family?
Warmly welcomes the father's house,
Here they are always waiting for you with love
And they see them off with kindness!
Love! And appreciate happiness!
It is born in a family
What could be more precious than her
On this fabulous land.
8. Summing up. Grading.
Bazarov's meeting with his parents is one of the most difficult conflicts that new people had to enter - a conflict with their own parents - “fathers” in the truest sense of the word. The purpose of our lesson is to understand what and why Bazarov had a relationship with his parents.
Question
How do his father and mother relate to Eugene? To answer this question, let us turn to the beginning of chapter XX of the novel.
Answer
“Arkady stretched out his head from behind his comrade's back and saw on the porch of the man’s house a tall, thin man with tousled hair and a thin aquiline nose, dressed in an old military frock coat wide open. He stood with his legs spread out, smoking a long pipe and squinting in the sun.
The horses stopped.
`` Finally, I came, '' said Bazarov's father, still continuing to smoke, although the chubuk was jumping between his fingers... - Well, get out, get out, we'll break up. He began to hug his son ... "Enyushka, Enyusha", - rang out fluttering female voice... The door flew open, and a round, short old woman in a white cap and a short motley blouse appeared on the threshold. She gasped, staggered and probably would have fallen if Bazarov had not supported her. Her plump arms instantly wrapped around his neck, the head pressed against his chest, and everything fell silent. Only her intermittent sobs were heard". (Ch. XX)
“Your son is one of the most wonderful people I have ever met,” Arkady answered vividly.
Vasily Ivanovich's eyes suddenly opened, and his cheeks flushed faintly. The shovel fell out of his hands.
“So you suppose ...” he began.
“I’m sure,” said Arkady, “that a great future awaits your son, that he will glorify your name. I was convinced of this from our first meeting.
- How ... how was it? - Vasily Ivanovich barely spoke. An enthusiastic smile parted his wide lips and never left them..
- Do you want to know how we met?
- Yes ... and in general ...
Arkady began to talk and talk about Bazarov with even greater ardor, with greater enthusiasm than that evening when he danced the mazurka with Madame Odintsov.
Vasily Ivanovich listened to him, listened, blew his nose, rolled his handkerchief in both hands, coughed, ruffled his hair - and finally could not stand it: he bent down to Arkady and kissed him on the shoulder.
- You made me completely happy, - he said, without ceasing to smile, - I must tell you that I ... idolize my son; I'm not even talking about my old woman: you know - mother! but I dare not show my feelings in front of him, because he does not like it. He is the enemy of all outpourings; many even condemn him for such a firmness of his character and see in it a sign of pride or insensibility; but people like him do not have to measure with an ordinary yardstick, is not it? Well, for example: another in his place would have pulled and pulled from his parents; and with us, will you believe it? he didn’t take an extra penny from his life, by God!
"He is a disinterested, honest man," remarked Arkady.
- Precisely disinterested. And I, Arkady Nikolaich, not only idolize him, i'm proud of him, and all my ambition is that over time in his biography there were the following words: "The son of a simple staff doctor, who, however, knew how to solve it early and did not spare anything for his upbringing ..." - The old man's voice broke. (Ch. XXI)
The state of mind of the characters is shown by laconic, but extremely expressive details of external behavior.
Question
What are these people?
Answer
Vasily Ivanovich is not a nobleman, but a commoner, the son of a sexton who became a doctor. He was a military doctor with General Kirsanov, apparently very good, since he was awarded the Order of Vladimir for his work during the plague epidemic in Bessarabia. He was proud that he knew the Decembrists from the "Southern Society".
“What am I? Retired head physician, volatu; now I'm in agronomists. I served in your grandfather's brigade, - he turned again to Arkady, - yes, yes, yes; I have seen many species in my life. And in what societies I have never been, with whom I did not care! I, the very me whom you will deign to see now in front of you, I felt the pulse of Prince Wittgenstein and Zhukovsky! Those, then, in the southern army, according to the fourteenth, you understand (and here Vasily Ivanovich compressed his lips significantly), he knew everybody without exception. Well, why, my business is the side; know your lancet, and that's it! And your grandfather was a very respectable man, a real military man. " (Ch. XX)
“It reminds me of your present bed, my lords,” he began, “my military, bivouac life, dressing points, also somewhere near the haystack, and that is also thank God. He sighed. - I have experienced a lot, a lot in my life. For example, if you will allow me, I will tell you an interesting episode of the plague in Bessarabia.
- For which did you get Vladimir? interjected Bazarov. - We know, we know ... By the way, why aren't you wearing it?
"After all, I told you that I have no prejudices," muttered Vasily Ivanovich (he had just ordered to rip the red ribbon from his coat the day before) and began to tell the episode of the plague. " (Ch. XXI)
Now he is a small landowner (there are 22 souls in the name of his wife) and, in his own way, a working person. The garden was cultivated by his hands, he is still engaged in medical practice: he heals the peasants, and, moreover, for free. This is a very kind, gentle person. He is ready to love everything about his son.
“How many souls does your father have? Arkady suddenly asked.
- The estate is not his, but the mother's; shower, I remember, fifteen.
"And all twenty-two," Timofeich remarked with displeasure. " (Ch. XX)
“- There is a little man here, he suffers from icterus ...
- That is, jaundice?
- Yes, chronic and very persistent icterus. I prescribed him centaury and St. John's wort, made him eat carrots, gave him soda; but that's all palliative facilities; something more decisive is needed. Although you laugh at medicine, I'm sure you can give me some good advice. " (Ch. XXI)
Question
In the field of science, Vasily Ivanovich tries to keep up with the times. Does he succeed in this?
Answer
“… I try, if possible, not to overgrow, as they say, with moss, to keep up with the century.
Vasily Ivanovich pulled out a new yellow foulard from his pocket, which he managed to grab while running to Arkadiev's room, and continued, waving it through the air:
- I'm not even talking about the fact that I, for example, not without sensitive donations for myself, put the peasants on a quitrent and gave them my land to use. I considered it my duty, the very prudence in this case commands, although other owners do not even think about it: I am talking about the sciences, about education.
- Yes; so I see you - "Friend of Health" for the year eighteen hundred and fifty-five, "remarked Bazarov.
`` An old friend sends him to me out of an acquaintance, '' Vasily Ivanovich said hastily, `` but we, for example, have an idea about phrenology, '' he added, turning, however, more to Arkady and pointing to a small plaster head, which was numbered quadrangles - we both Shenlein did not remain unknown, and Rademacher.
- Do they still believe in Rademacher in the *** province? Bazarov asked.
Vasily Ivanovich coughed.
- In the province ... Of course, you, gentlemen, know better; where can we keep up with you? After all, you came to replace us. And in my time, some humoralist Goffman, some Brown with his vitalism seemed very funny, but they also thundered once. Someone new has replaced Rademacher for you, you worship him, and in twenty years, perhaps, they will laugh at that too. "I will tell you as a consolation," said Bazarov, "that now we generally laugh at medicine and do not bow before anyone." (Ch. XX)
Everything they talk about with their son is far from modern science to Bazarov, the newspaper "Friend of Health" has turned black from ancient dust - it is four years old (1855).
Vasily Ivanovich is proud that he understands something in phrenology, and this is a false science, and then it was already infinitely outdated.
Vasily Ivanovich considers the highest authority to be Rademacher, a follower of a scientist who lived in the 16th century.
And what seems to be progressive, and really progressive, in comparison with the activities of others, is nothing more than a "palliative" * measure. And Bazarov is a supporter of not half-hearted, but abrupt, revolutionary measures.
* "Palliative" (half) measure - something that gives only a temporary effect.
Arina Vlasyevna is a person of a different time, a different way of life than her son. But in the novel, she is shown mainly as an infinitely loving mother.
“Arina Vlasyevna was a real Russian noblewoman of the past; she should have lived for two hundred years, in the old Moscow times. She was very pious and sensitive, believed in all kinds of omens, fortune telling, conspiracies, dreams; she believed in holy fools, in brownies, in goblin, in bad meetings, in spoilage, in folk medicines, in Thursday salt, in the imminent end of the world; believed that if the candles were not extinguished on bright Sunday at the all-night vigil, then buckwheat would be born well, and that the mushroom would no longer grow if the human eye saw it; believed that the devil likes to be where the water is, and that every Jew has a bloody speck on his chest; was afraid of mice, snakes, frogs, sparrows, leeches, thunder, cold water, through wind, horses, goats, red-headed people and black cats and revered crickets and dogs as unclean animals; I did not eat veal, pigeons, crayfish, cheese, asparagus, earthen pears, hares, or watermelons, because a cut watermelon resembles the head of John the Baptist; and she spoke of oysters only with a shudder; loved to eat - and fasted strictly; she slept ten hours a day - and did not go to bed at all if Vasily Ivanovich had a headache; I had not read a single book, except for Alexis, or the Hut in the Woods, wrote one, many two letters a year, and in the household, dried and jam knew a lot, although she did not touch anything with her own hands and was generally reluctant to move from her place. Arina Vlasyevna was very kind and, in her own way, not at all stupid. She knew that there are gentlemen in the world who must give orders, and ordinary people who must serve, and therefore she did not disdain either servility or bowing to the ground; but she treated her subordinates kindly and meekly, did not let a single beggar go without a handout and never condemned anyone, although she sometimes gossiped. In her youth she was very pretty, played the clavichord and spoke a little French; but during many years of wandering with her husband, whom she married against her will, she blurred and forgot music and French. She loved and feared her son indescribably; She gave the management of the estate to Vasily Ivanovich - and no longer entered into anything: she sighed, waved her handkerchief away and raised her eyebrows higher and higher in fright, as soon as her old man began to talk about the upcoming transformations and about her plans. She was suspicious, constantly expecting some kind of great misfortune and immediately cried as soon as she remembered something sad ... Such women are now being translated. God knows - should we rejoice in this! " (Ch. XX)
Question
What role did parents play in raising their son? How do they view his activities now?
Answer
Parents did their best. Vasily Ivanovich is proud that "he did not spare anything for his upbringing." "The son of a simple staff doctor, who, however, knew how to solve it early and did not spare anything for his upbringing ..."
They helped their son as much as they could, although they themselves did not live well. To Bazarov's credit, it should be noted that he "did not take an extra penny from them" (Ch. XXI). Vasily Ivanovich says that early on he knew how to unravel his son, to understand that he is a very intelligent person, and to give him the way to science (Ch. XXI).
Question
What hopes does Vasily Ivanovich pin on his son?
Answer
"... after all, he will not achieve the fame that you prophesy for him not in the medical field?" "He will be famous!" (Ch. XXI).
Vasily Ivanovich understands that Bazarov is an extraordinary person, and at the same time very disinterested and not insensitive. The father even guesses that his son will not achieve his fame in the medical field, but what worries him most is not what his Eugene will do, but that he will be famous. Vasily Ivanovich is proud of his son, although he hardly understands his purpose.
Question
How does Bazarov relate to his parents?
Answer
Bazarov deeply loves his parents. He simply tells Arkady about it: "I love you, Arkady!" And this is a lot in his mouth. In the first moments of his meeting with his father, he gazes at him with love: “Aha, ge! How gray he is, poor fellow! " "... Better sit here on the sofa and let me have a look at yourself." (Ch. XX)
Question
Do parents share the views of their son? Is Bazarov satisfied with the lifestyle of his parents?
Answer
For all their love, they do not have unity: Bazarov cannot close his eyes to the difference in views and goals in life. “A deaf life, a life in oneself,” according to established laws, revitalized only by “generosity” with the peasants - such a life Bazarov cannot accept.
It is noteworthy that Bazarov not only does not argue with his father, but does not even support his father's talks about politics: "about the grave fears that Napoleonic policies and the intricacy of the Italian question instilled in him," about the impending reform. He even accuses himself that he once "teased" (his expression) his father, embarrassing him that he knew how he ordered to whip a quitrent peasant. Bazarov's task is to remake the foundations of life: "fix society, and there will be no diseases." And it’s impossible to remake the foundations of life for parents.
Question
Is it easy for Bazarov to endure this situation?
Answer
You can't talk about his insensitivity. Bazarov does not want to upset his parents. Deciding to leave, he could not tell his father about it all day and, only saying goodbye to him, said "with a strained yawn." He is upset that he embarrassed his father before leaving, he is "ashamed" to lock himself away from him during work, he tries to talk to his mother, but ... "you go out to her and she has nothing to say." This is a difficult and hopeless, in its own way tragic conflict with parents, loved and loving people. The best way out in this situation is to "define territories", one's own and parental, and meet only on the "no-man's land". Bazarov is forced to do so.
Question
How does Turgenev himself look at this conflict, does he condemn Bazarov or not, and what feeling will remain with the reader who has read this chapter?
Answer
Turgenev does not condemn Bazarov, he explains why this happened, but at the same time Turgenev sympathizes with the parents in their great sadness, since the feeling of parental love is "a holy, devoted feeling."
"Honor your father and your mother." Even if there are different outlooks on life, this should not interfere with mutual respect and friendship between parents and children.
Literature
Vladimir Korovin. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. // Encyclopedias for children "Avanta +". Volume 9. Russian literature. Part one. M., 1999
N.I. Yakushin. I.S. Turgenev in life and work. M .: Russian word, 1998
L.M. Lotman. I.S. Turgenev. History of Russian Literature. Volume three. Leningrad: Nauka, 1982.S. 120 - 160
Evgeny Bazarov is the main character in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". Bazarov's character is a young man, a convinced nihilist, contemptuous of art and respecting only natural sciences, a typical representative of the new
generations of thinking youth. The main plot of the novel is the conflict between fathers and children, the bourgeois way of life and the desire for change.
In literary criticism, much attention is paid to the confrontation between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, the personality of Arkady Nikolaevich (Bazarov's friend), but very little is said about the relationship of the protagonist with his parents. This approach is highly unfounded, because without studying his relationship with his parents, it is impossible to fully understand his character.
Bazarov's parents are simple good-natured old men who are very fond of their son. Vasily Bazarov (father) is an old district doctor, leading a boring, colorless life of a poor landowner, who at one time did not spare anything for a good upbringing of his son.
Arina Vlasyevna (mother) is a noblewoman who "had to be born in the Peter's era," a very kind and superstitious woman who knows how to do only one thing - to cook excellently. The image of Bazarov's parents, a kind of symbol of ossified conservatism, is contrasted with the main character - an inquisitive, intelligent, harsh judgment. However, despite such a different worldview, Bazarov's parents truly love their son; in the absence of Eugene, all their free time is spent thinking about him.
Bazarov, on the other hand, is outwardly dry towards his parents, he certainly loves them, but is not used to open outpourings of feelings, he is burdened by constant obsessive attention. He cannot find a common language either with his father or with his mother; he cannot even conduct discussions with them, as with the Arkady family. This makes Bazarov hard, but he cannot help himself. under one roof, he only agrees on the condition that he will not be interfered with doing the natural sciences in his office. Bazarov's parents understand this very well and try to please their only child in everything, but of course, such an attitude is extremely difficult for them to endure.
Perhaps the main trouble of Bazarov was that he was not understood by his parents, due to the great difference in intellectual development and level of education, and did not receive moral support from them, which is why he was such a harsh and emotionally cold person, which was often repulsive from him people.
However, in the parental home, we are shown another Evgeny Bazarov - a softer, more understanding, full of tender feelings that he will never outwardly show due to internal barriers.
The characterization of Bazarov's parents confuses us: how could a man of such advanced views grow up in such a patriarchal environment? Turgenev once again shows us that a person can do it himself. However, he also shows Bazarov's main mistake - his alienation from his parents, because they loved their child for who he is, and suffered greatly from his relationship. Bazarov's parents survived their son, but with his death the meaning of their existence ended.
Youth is the time for the assimilation of wisdom, old age is the time for its application.
J.-J. Russo
Arkady Kirsanov, after spending a day at the Bazarovs' estate, asks his older friend-teacher if he loves his parents, and receives a direct answer: “I love you, Arkady” (XXI). Bazarov is telling the truth. He regrets his parents already because “he didn’t take an extra penny from the old age” (XXI). In the terrible moments of his life, he thinks about them. So, before the duel with Pavel Petrovich in a delirious dream, he sees his mother, and before death, understanding the state of his parents, he no longer hides his love for them. He constantly remembers his "old people", because, driving around the *** province with Arkady, he always means that the ultimate goal of his summer trip is the estate of his parents, where - he knows for sure - they are impatiently awaiting him: "No, you have to to go to the father. (...) it is from *** thirty miles away. I haven't seen him for a long time, and neither have my mother; it is necessary to amuse the old people. They are good for me, especially my father: very funny. I am the only one with them ”(XI). However, Arkady did not ask his question by accident. Bazarov's relationship to his parents, if viewed from the outside, seems cold, even hostile: there is too little tenderness in these relations.
In the literary analyzes of Fathers and Sons, the main character is usually accused of neglect, and sometimes even contempt for his parents. But how fair are these accusations?
The first reproach: Bazarov is in no hurry to go home, where, by the way, he has not been for three years, but goes first to the Kirsanovs' estate, then to the provincial town, then to the Odintsova estate. Having finally reached the estate of his parents, he only survives in his home for three days and leaves again. So Bazarov shows, to put it mildly, inattention to old parents. But the same actions of the hero can be explained in another way. Poverty is the reason why the hero did not visit his parents for three years. It can be assumed that he simply did not have money for a long journey home or during the summer holidays he earned (in the clinic, for example) funds for the next academic year - after all, he considers it unworthy to beg for money from his parents.
Bazarov is a sociable, inquisitive and independent person by nature. Despite his poverty, he achieved respect among university students, as evidenced by his relationship with Arkady and the reviews of Sitnikov (XII). Therefore, life in a secluded parental house seems boring to a young nihilist: here, except with Father Alexei, there is no one to talk to. Yes, and anxious parental concerns about "feather-beds" and "beef" for his beloved Enyushenka are hard for him. So he complains to Arkady: “It's boring; I want to work, but here I can't. (...) ... my father repeats to me: "My office is at your service - no one will interfere with you"; and he himself is not a step away from me. And I am ashamed to somehow shut myself up from him. Well, the same mother. I hear her sighing behind the wall, and if you go out to her - and she has nothing to say ”(XXI). Meanwhile, in a year Bazarov will have a serious final exam at the university, and he, unlike other heroes of the novel, intends not to rest, but to work hard all summer. Because of this, apparently, while still in St. Petersburg, he accepts the invitation of Arkady, his admirer and friend from the university, to stay in Maryino - so Bazarov will ensure himself a calm, well-fed summer and will not be a burden for his parents.
The second reproach: the main character shows frank selfishness towards his parents, not paying them enough attention. However, one should not forget that a young nihilist comes to his parents immediately after a difficult explanation with Madame Odintsova. Experiencing a failure in love, he is looking for solitude and some kind of distraction, so now he cannot endure parental caresses. He leaves for Maryino, where, as a guest, he has the right not to interfere in any "worldly squabbles" (XXII), and completely surrenders to his work. Despite these considerations, the accusation of selfishness addressed to Bazarov is fair.
And which of the "children" in the novel behaves differently? In the house of Odintsova lives an old aunt Princess X ... I, to whom "they did not pay attention, although they treated her respectfully" (XVI). Arkady, returning with Bazarov to his father in Maryino, cannot forget the beautiful Odintsova: ! - under the parental roof, but he was definitely bored and drawn out ”(XXII). The “rude son” Bazarov stayed with his parents for three days and got bored, the “gentle son” Arkady, also languishing with love, stayed a little longer: “Ten days have not passed since his return to Maryino, as he again, under the pretext of studying the mechanism of Sunday schools , galloped to the city, and from there to Nikolskoe ”(ibid.). Yes, and the present worthy "fathers", solving their own everyday problems, treated their parents very carelessly. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov recalls: “Once I quarreled with my deceased mother: she was shouting, did not want to listen to me ... I finally told her that you, they say, cannot understand me; we supposedly belong to two different generations. She was terribly offended ... ”(XI). Of course, the similar behavior of other heroes of the novel does not justify Bazarov, but it shows that in relation to the “ancestors” respectable “children” differ little from a decisive nihilist. And in modern literary analyzes, it is customary to praise them and set them up as an example for the main character.
The third reproach: Bazarov shows disrespect to his parents, since he does not see them as personalities. Lying under a haystack on his father's estate, Bazarov argues: “... they, my parents, that is, are busy and do not worry about their own insignificance, it does not stink to them ...” (XXI). The image of the "little man", so diversely presented in Russian literature, completely refutes such views of Bazarov. Pushkin in the story "The Stationmaster", Gogol in the story "The Overcoat", Turgenev himself in the story "The District Physician", etc. prove that the "little man" only seems primitive, and if you look closely at him, this is a man with his own complex inner world, with deep feelings, high life principles.
Proving that his son's opinion about the old people of the Bazarovs is completely wrong, Turgenev cites facts that the nihilist knows, but for some reason does not consider essential. The younger Bazarov affectionately and ironically calls his father Vasily Ivanovich "a very amusing old man" (XX), and meanwhile the elder Bazarov, being the son of a sexton, became a man, thanks to his perseverance and abilities - he learned to be a doctor. The son himself admits that Vasily Ivanovich “at one time was a strong Latinist, he was awarded a silver medal for his composition” (XXI). The elder Bazarov has a completely heroic biography: he participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, “felt the pulse” of Field Marshal Wittgenstein, and the poet Zhukovsky, and the future Decembrists; for his services to the state (he actively fought against the plague epidemic in Bessarabia) he received the Order of St. Vladimir (ibid.) and, therefore, the title of nobility for himself and his future offspring. The younger Bazarov frivolously considers this achievement of his father to be a trifle, as if he does not understand that the noble rank greatly facilitates his life in Russia.
In Arina Vlasyevna - his mother - Bazarov sees only a good housewife. During her life, she read one book - the French sentimental novel "Alexis, or the Cabin in the Woods", so the student son does not know what to talk about with this rustic old woman. But Arkady is right, he understood from personal experience what it is like to live without maternal care and affection: “You don't know your mother, Evgeny. She is not only a great woman, she is very smart, really ”(XXI). Bazarov had no idea that his troublesome mother was a wise friend and comforter of his father. When, after staying for three days, the son leaves, Vasily Ivanovich cries from resentment and loneliness, but Arina Vlasyevna finds words to support her husband in a desperate moment, although she is bitterly neglected by her son: “What to do, Vasya! The son is a sliced hunk. (...) Only I will remain unchanged for you forever, as you are for me ”(ibid.).
Not honored with Bazarov respect and grandfather Vlasiy, the second-major, who participated in the Italian campaign of Suvorov. True, such a disdain could appear in Bazarov, a democrat in spirit, in defiance of the noble admiration for a long pedigree. Only the second grandfather, Ivan Bazarov, escaped a critical showdown: in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, the nihilist grandson proudly says about him: “My grandfather plowed the land” (X).
The fourth reproach: Bazarov contemptuously and condescendingly refers to the life principles of his parents, and these principles, by the way, follow from the philosophy of the ancient Greek Epicurus (341-270 BC), originally developed in the poetry of the Roman poet Horace (65-8 BC) AD). Horace in his poems presented the philosophy of a poor, but cultured person who seeks happiness in the "golden mean", that is, in contentment with little, in dominance over passions, in a calm and moderate enjoyment of the benefits of life. Moderation and peace, according to Horace, allow a person to maintain internal independence. It is easy to see that the old Bazarovs live just like that: content with little and not bowing to anyone. Arina Vlasyevna looks after her husband, takes care of food and order in her house, and Vasily Ivanovich heals the peasants and cultivates his garden, enjoying nature and thinking about life: “In this place I like to philosophize, looking at the setting of the sun: it befits a hermit ... And there, further away, I planted several trees, loved by Horace ”(XX), - he tells Arkady.
The difference between the life philosophy of “fathers” and “children” is manifested in their attitude to the world - contemplative and conciliatory in Horatianism, actively offensive nihilism: “Yes,” began Bazarov, “a strange human being. As you look that way from the side and from afar at the deaf life that the "fathers" lead here, it seems: what is better? Eat, drink and know that you are acting in the most correct, most reasonable manner. But no: melancholy will prevail. I want to mess with people, even to scold them, but to mess with them "(XXI).
The nihilist Bazarov is obviously more mature than his parents, thanks to his powerful intellect, a tense inner life, but, according to Turgenev, parents are wiser than their son, since they know how to live in harmony with the world. In the famous dispute with Pavel Petrovich Bazarov declares: "... then I will be ready to agree with you when you present me at least one decision in our modern life, in family or public, which would not cause complete and merciless denial" (X) ... And now life (and she, according to Turgenev, is richer and more varied than any theory) puts the young nihilist face to face with such a "decree." The family and family life of his own parents are worthy of respect and have the highest strength, so that they cannot be destroyed even by a terrible blow - the death of his only son, the nihilist himself.
So, the relationship in the Bazarov family illustrates the conflict of successive generations, eternal as a world. Old parents adore and fear their highly educated and self-confident son. Before his arrival, Vasily Ivanovich even tore off the ribbon from his coat and sent the boy out of the dining room, who usually drove away flies with a branch during lunch. In the presence of their son, old people are embarrassed to say an awkward word (and suddenly he will not like it), to show their feelings ("... he does not like this. He is the enemy of all outpourings" - XXI). In relation to Bazarov's parents love and care are combined (does not "pull" money from the elderly), alienation and hasty assessments.
Bazarov's dry and tough attitude towards his parents may be the result of either an intolerant, selfish character, or youth. In the case of Bazarov, there is, rather, a second reason. After the self-confident nihilist forever said goodbye to his student friend Arkady Kirsanov, did trouble in Maryino (he wounded Pavel Petrovich in a duel), and most importantly, experienced real, but unrequited love, Bazarov came to his parents. Because there was nowhere else to go, and because here he was expected and loved, despite all his shortcomings and blunders.
Now his attitude towards his parents becomes softer, and during a short, fatal illness, his reserved love for his father and mother is revealed. He does not complain of pain, so as not to frighten the old people, agrees to them for the sake of communion, and asks Odintsov to comfort them after his death: “After all, people like them cannot be found in (...) the big world with fire during the day” (XXVII ). In the novel's finale, the generational conflict in the Bazarov family is exhausted both in the moral and physical sense, and the last lines of the novel are perceived as a “hymn of parental love” (Herzen), forgiving and unchanging.
