home > The senses > Love for native nature arguments from literature. The problem of man's relationship to nature: arguments from literature and essay


Love for native nature arguments from literature. The problem of man's relationship to nature: arguments from literature and essay




"The Martian Chronicles". R. Bradbury

The rosy ideas of many readers about the hospitality of alien planets are completely crossed out by the American science fiction writer Ray Bradbury with his vision of the problem. The author persistently warns that the elusive inhabitants of other worlds do not burn with a special desire to meet uninvited guests on their territory. For those who nevertheless decide to cross this border at all costs, the writer recommends getting ready for a series of disappointments, since they will have to face a completely different world that lives according to laws we do not understand.

"King fish". V. Astafiev

In this work, the famous Russian writer introduces us to his attitude to the eternal moral and philosophical question of the relationship between man and the animate world around him. It reminds us of the enormous responsibility that is entrusted to us by nature itself, and calls on us to strive with all our might to build the harmony of our inner world with the harmony of the world that exists next to us.

"All Summer in One Day" R. Bradbury

Distant and mysterious Venus. The author immerses us in his ideas about the possible conditions for the existence of the first settlers from our planet in this alien and completely incomprehensible world. It's about about children who attend a Venusian school. All of them are of the same age, and live with the only expectation of the appearance of the long-awaited sun in the sky of Venus. The luminary appears here only once every seven years, and children of nine years of age do not remember at all what it looks like. The only exception is the only girl named Margo, who arrived on the planet later than the others and has not yet forgotten what the Sun is and how it looks from the Earth. A tense and difficult relationship develops between her and the other guys. They just don't understand each other. But time is passing, and the day of the appearance of the Sun is approaching. It will delight the inhabitants of the rainy planet with its presence for an hour, and then again disappear for a long seven years, so for the young inhabitants of Venus, this day is an event that cannot be compared with anything in its solemnity and significance.

« Little Prince". Antoine de Saint-Exupery

The allegorical story of the French pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery introduces us to a very touching character. This is a boy who is engaged in a very serious and responsible business - he visits various planets, and thus learns the world. He generously shares his conclusions with the reader and reveals to us his childhood vision and attitude to everything he has to face. The young traveler unobtrusively reminds people that it is they who are responsible for the life of everything that surrounds them - “We are responsible for those we have tamed”, and caring for the planet on which we live is an unconditional and daily duty of every person.

"Grandfather Mazai and hares." N. Nekrasov

The small village described by the famous poet is located in the wilderness of the Kostroma province. Every year, spring floods turn this wonderful place into the "Russian Venice" - a third of the entire territory is under water, and the forest dwellers rush about in horror in search of saving islands of land. Main character of this work, Grandfather Mazay, sailing on his boat through the flooded forest, saw hares huddled together and trembling with fear and cold. The defenseless animals, apparently, did not expect that their plight would attract anyone's attention, but when the old hunter began to transfer them to the boat in order to release them in a safer place, they accepted help from a stranger, though with mistrust and apprehension. This story reminds each of us that it is impossible to indifferently observe the plight of our smaller brothers, and, if possible, provide all possible assistance to those who are in dire need of it.

"Plaha". Ch. Aitmatov

The novel by the famous Kyrgyz writer is a warning addressed to each of us. ordeal and tragic fate the protagonist of this work, Obadiah, reveal to the reader that huge layer of unresolved moral issues that have changed our attitude to life and others beyond recognition. The novel highlights the contradictions of characters who feel responsible for everything, and those for whom conscience and morality have become an unnecessary burden. In parallel with the development of the main plot, the author unobtrusively immerses us in the life of an ordinary wolf family. Apparently, such a technique was chosen by him not by chance - the natural and, in essence, sinless life of predators is opposed to the dirt that is full of relationships between people.

"The Man Who Planted Trees" J. Giono

This story is about a Man with a capital letter. He devoted his whole life to turning a lifeless desert into a blooming oasis. With his daily work for many years, he inspired hope in the hearts of people living near him. Thousands of trees planted by the protagonist brought happiness to tens of thousands of those around them, who seemed to have lost their last hope of surviving in this cruel world.

"About all creatures, big and small." J. Harriot

With light humor and great love, the author, who by his main profession was a veterinarian and treated animals, introduces us to pets that we meet daily, but we know absolutely nothing about them, not about their attitude towards us.

"Three Tickets to Adventure". J. Durrell

The story of the famous traveler, naturalist and owner of the rare gift of the excellent storyteller J. Durrell introduces us to the unique nature of South America and immerses readers in the world of their impressions from the expedition to this continent. literary heritage this researcher provided an opportunity for millions of people different ages perceive the world that surrounds them in a completely different way, and feel themselves involved in its problems and joys. The author in a fascinating and light manner talks about the life of rare animals - about the boxing fights of porcupines, the daily pastime of sloths, about the process of the birth of unique reptiles and amphibians, and about a host of other interesting things. cognitive nature. You will get acquainted with the hard and dangerous work of rescuers of wild animals and significantly expand your knowledge about the world that exists in close proximity to a person, but lives according to laws that are understandable only to him.

"Don't shoot white swans." B. Vasiliev

The very title of this story contains an appeal to people to stop and think deeply about their attitude to wild nature and life in general. This is a cry of despair that cannot leave anyone indifferent. The plot of the story grabs the reader from the first minutes and does not let go until the denouement. We empathize with the heroes of this story, delve into the secrets of their worldview and at least temporarily become like them. The author tries to draw that elusive boundary between good and evil, referring to the fate of his characters and their everyday attitude to the world of wildlife.

"Animal Stories". E. Season-Thompson

E. Season-Thompson is one of the few authors who, with his style of narration and deep reflections, immerses his readers in the world of his personal relationship to all living things. He communicates touchingly and with childlike spontaneity with wild and domestic animals, with full confidence that they perfectly understand and perceive every word, and only for quite understandable reasons cannot say anything in response. He speaks to them as to unreasonable children who have only one language of communication available - the language of affection and love.

Arcturus the Hound Dog. Y. Kazakov

Each dog, like a person, has its own individual character and disposition. Arcturus, according to the author, was unique in this respect. The dog showed unusual sublime affection and devotion to his master. It was true love animal to human. The dog was ready to sacrifice herself for him without any hesitation, but a certain animal modesty and inner tact did not allow her to fully express her feelings.

  • Human activity destroys nature
  • The state of nature depends on man
  • Preservation environment is the priority of society
  • The future of mankind depends on the state of nature
  • Love for nature makes a person cleaner
  • People with high moral qualities protect nature
  • Love for nature changes a person for the better, contributes to his moral development.
  • People have forgotten that nature is their home
  • Everyone tends to have their own view on the role of nature in human life.

Arguments

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In the work there are two completely opposite views on the place of nature in people's lives. Nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov perceives the world around him as material for practice, saying that "nature is not a temple, but a workshop." In everything, he tries to find benefit, and not to see the beauty around. The hero considers living beings only material for his research. For Arkady Kirsanov, who at first supported the views of Yevgeny Bazarov, nature is a source of harmony. He feels himself an integral part of the world around him, sees and feels beauty.

ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares". The story of the rescue of hares by grandfather Mazai is known to every person since childhood. From the poem of the great poet it is clear that our hero is a hunter, which means that for him, hares should be, first of all, prey. But grandfather Mazai cannot offend animals when they are absolutely helpless, between life and death. Love for nature turns out to be higher for a person than the ability to get easy prey. He shouts after the rescued hares so that they do not come across to him during the hunting period, but at the moment they are released.

A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" The attitude towards the nature of the main character of the work can be called truly correct. Olesya's life is inextricably linked with the world around her. She feels that she is connected with the forest and that the forest is something alive. The girl loves all living things. Olesya is ready to protect everything that is connected with nature: grasses, bushes, huge trees. Unity with the outside world allows her to survive at a distance from people, in the wilderness of the forest.

V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish". The fate of Gosha Gertsev is a vivid example of the fact that nature can not only endure human attacks, but also actively defend itself with the help of its moral and punishing power. The hero, who has shown a consumerist, cynical attitude towards the environment, is punished. Moreover, punishment threatens not only him, but all of humanity, if it does not realize how cruel its activities are. Lack of spirituality, greed, thoughtless use of the achievements of scientific and technological progress - all this threatens the death of society.

B.L. Vasilyev "Do not shoot at white swans." The work shows a different attitude of people to nature: we see both its defenders and enemies, whose activities are only of a consumer nature. The main character, Yegor Polushkin, takes care of all living things. Often he becomes the object of ridicule, because others do not support his views on the world. Egor Polushkin, laying a pipe, decides to go around the anthill, which causes laughter and condemnation from people. When the hero is in need of money, he learns that the population can be rewarded for the soaked bast. However, even in a difficult situation, the hero cannot decide to destroy the living, while his cousin destroys an entire grove for the sake of profit. The son of Yegor Polushkin is distinguished by the same moral qualities: Kolka gives his expensive gift (spinning, which everyone dreamed of) to Vovka to save the puppy, whom the boy wanted to torture. The protagonist himself is killed by evil and envious people for the desire to protect nature.

Chingiz Aitmanov "The Scaffold". The work shows how a person with my own hands destroys the environment. People mock saigas, wolf cubs die because of a man-made fire. Not knowing where to direct your maternal love, the she-wolf becomes attached to the human child. People, not realizing this, shoot at her, but one of them kills his own son as a result. The death of a child can be blamed not on a she-wolf, but on people who barbarously broke into her territory, exterminated her children, and therefore took up arms against nature. The work "The Scaffold" shows what such an attitude towards the living is fraught with.

D. Granin "Bison". The protagonist is horrified to realize that almost all people, including scientists, are confident in the boundlessness of nature and the negligible impact of man on it. The bison does not understand how a person can approve scientific and construction projects that cause irreparable damage to all living things. He believes that science in this case does not work for the good, but to the detriment of humanity. The hero is hurt by the fact that almost no one has come to understand the true role of nature in human life, its uniqueness and vulnerability.

E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea". For the old fisherman, the sea is the breadwinner. In the whole appearance of the hero, a connection with nature is visible. The old man treats everything with respect and gratitude: he asks for forgiveness from the caught fish. The work shows the role of the generosity of nature in our lives, and the hero demonstrates a truly correct attitude towards the world around him - grateful.

Everyone knows that man and nature are inextricably linked, and we observe it every day. This is a breath of wind, and sunsets and sunrises, and the ripening of buds on trees. Society was formed under its influence, personalities developed, art was formed. But we also have a reciprocal influence on the world around us, but most often negative. The problem of ecology was, is and will always be relevant. So, many writers touched on it in their works. This selection lists the brightest and most powerful arguments from world literature that touch on the issue of mutual influence nature and man. They are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).

  1. Astafiev Victor Petrovich, "Tsar-fish". This is one of the most famous works of the great Soviet writer Viktor Astafiev. The main theme of the story is the unity and opposition of man and nature. The writer points out that each of us is responsible for what he has done and what is happening in the world around him, whether good or bad. The work also touches upon the problem of large-scale poaching, when a hunter, not paying attention to prohibitions, kills and thereby wipes out entire species of animals from the face of the earth. Thus, by pushing his hero Ignatich and mother nature in the person of the Tsar Fish, the author shows that the destruction of our habitat by our own hands threatens the death of our civilization.
  2. Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich, "Fathers and Sons". The neglect of nature is also considered in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". Yevgeny Bazarov, an inveterate nihilist, declares bluntly: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." He does not enjoy the environment, does not find anything mysterious and beautiful in it, any manifestation of it is nothing for him. In his opinion, "nature should be useful, this is its purpose." He believes that it is necessary to take away what she gives - this is the inviolable right of each of us. As an example, we can recall the episode when Bazarov, being in a bad mood, went into the forest and broke branches and everything else that came across his way. Neglecting the world around him, the hero fell into the trap of his own ignorance. Being a physician, he never made great discoveries, nature did not give him the keys to her secret locks. He died from his own indiscretion, becoming a victim of a disease for which he never invented a vaccine.
  3. Vasiliev Boris Lvovich, “Do not shoot at white swans”. In his work, the author urges people to treat nature more carefully, opposing two brothers. The forester of the reserve by the name of Buryanov, despite his responsible work, perceives the world around him only as a resource for consumption. He easily and completely without a twinge of conscience cut down trees in the reserve in order to build a house for himself, and his son Vova was completely ready to torture the puppy he found to death. Fortunately, Vasiliev contrasts him with Yegor Polushkin, his cousin, who, with all the kindness of his soul, protects the natural habitat, and it’s good that there are still people who care about nature and strive to preserve it.

Humanism and love for the environment

  1. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea. In his philosophical story "The Old Man and the Sea", which was based on a true event, the great American writer and the journalist touched on many topics, one of which is the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The author in his work shows a fisherman who serves as an example of how to treat the environment. The sea feeds the fishermen, but voluntarily yields only to those who understand the elements, its language and life. Santiago also understands the responsibility that the hunter bears in front of the halo of his habitat, feels guilty for extorting food from the sea. He is weighed down by the thought that a man kills his fellows in order to feed himself. This is how you can understand the main idea of ​​the story: each of us must understand our inextricable connection with nature, feel guilty before it, and as long as we are responsible for it, guided by reason, the Earth tolerates our existence and is ready to share its riches.
  2. Nosov Evgeny Ivanovich, "Thirty grains". Another work that confirms that humane attitude to other living beings and nature - this is one of the main virtues of people, is the book "Thirty grains" by Evgeny Nosov. It shows the harmony between man and animal, the little titmouse. The author clearly demonstrates that all living beings are brothers in origin, and we need to live in friendship. Titmouse at first was afraid to make contact, but she realized that in front of her was not the one who would catch and the ban in the cage, but the one who would protect and help.
  3. Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich, “Grandfather Mazai and Hares”. This poem is familiar to every person since childhood. It teaches us to help our smaller brothers, to take care of nature. The main character, Grandfather Mazai, is a hunter, which means that hares should be for him, first of all, prey, food, but his love for the place where he lives turns out to be higher than the opportunity to get an easy trophy. He not only saves them, but also warns them not to come across him while hunting. Isn't this a high feeling of love for mother nature?
  4. Antoine de Saint-Exupery, The Little Prince. The main idea of ​​the work sounds in the voice of the protagonist: “I got up, washed myself, put myself in order and immediately put your planet in order.” Man is not a king, not a king, and he cannot control nature, but he can take care of it, help, follow its laws. If every inhabitant of our planet followed these rules, then our Earth would be completely safe. It follows from this that we need to take care of her, treat her more carefully, because all living things have a soul. We have tamed the Earth and must be responsible for it.

The problem of ecology

  • Rasputin Valentin "Farewell to Mother". The strong influence of man on nature was shown in his story “Farewell to Mother” by Valentin Rasputin. On Matera, people lived in harmony with the environment, took care of the island and kept it, but the authorities needed to build a hydroelectric power station, and decided to flood the island. So, the whole animal world went under the water, which no one took care of, only the inhabitants of the island felt guilty for the “betrayal” native land. So humanity destroys entire ecosystems due to the fact that it needs electricity and other resources necessary for modern life. It treats its conditions with awe and reverence, but completely forgets that entire species of plants and animals die and are destroyed forever due to the fact that someone needed more comfort. Today, that area has ceased to be an industrial center, factories do not work, and dying villages do not need so much energy. So those sacrifices were completely in vain.
  • Aitmatov Chingiz, "The Scaffold". Destroying the environment, we destroy our life, our past, present and future - such a problem is raised in Chingiz Aitmatov's novel "The Scaffold", where the family of wolves, which is doomed to death, is the personification of nature. The harmony of life in the forest was broken by a man who came and destroys everything in his path. People arranged a hunt for saigas, and the reason for such barbarity was the fact that there was a difficulty with the meat delivery plan. Thus, the hunter thoughtlessly destroys the ecology, forgetting that he himself is part of the system, and this, in the end, will affect him.
  • Astafiev Victor, "Lyudochka". V this work describes the consequence of the disregard of the authorities to the ecology of the whole region. People in a polluted, waste-smelling city have become brutalized and rush at each other. They have lost naturalness, harmony in the soul, now they are ruled by conventions and primitive instincts. The main character becomes a victim of gang rape on the bank of a garbage river, where rotten waters flow - as rotten as the morals of the townspeople. No one helped or even sympathized with Luda, this indifference drove the girl to suicide. She hanged herself on a bare crooked tree, which also dies from indifference. The poisoned, hopeless atmosphere of filth and poisonous fumes reflects back on those who made it so.

    • Interesting? Save it on your wall!

In this text, the author raises the problem of the relationship between man and nature. K. Paustovsky reveals the problem on the example of the fairy tale of the old man Prokhor. Once blacksmiths forged a gun that fell into the hands of a fool. He killed the oriole out of it. The blood of the bird fell on the leaves, after which they turned red and crumbled, and the forest where the bird fell was withered. Since then, the earth has become sad, offended, and a wet autumn has begun since then. The author also says that very much is not only slush and wet roofs.

Autumn is an artist who mixed all the pure colors that are on earth, applied them to the distant expanses of earth and sky, as if on a canvas.

The author's posture is as follows: nature must be protected, not spoiled, otherwise death awaits us. I fully agree with the author's point of view. People are destroying nature without thinking about the consequences. Killing animals, destroying plants, a person harms himself. Now many do not think about the future when they throw garbage past the bins, pollute the air with exhaust gases, burn fires. By this people destroy their habitat. We are very closely connected with nature, so we must protect it.

In fiction this problem rises in the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The hero of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, considers the nature of the workshop, and man as a worker in it. He is indifferent to the values ​​of generations, he only uses nature, but gives nothing to her in return. Bazarov does not think about the consequences.

Also in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" passes this problem. Andrei Bolkonsky drove past the oak twice: the first time in the fall, when the oak crumbled, fell asleep, and the second time in the spring, during flowering, the awakening of the tree. The prince noticed how similar his condition was to that of an oak tree. This a prime example close relationship between man and nature.

Thus, we can conclude that man and nature are very connected with each other, so a person must take care of nature, and in return it gives us everything we need for life.

Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) - start preparing

www.kritika24.ru

The problem of the relationship between man and nature arguments

Arguments on the topic "Nature" for the composition of the exam. Part 1. Problems of nature, attitudes towards nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on a person's character.

Is man the king of nature or a part? What is dangerous consumer attitude to nature? What can lead to the struggle of man with the natural world?
V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish"
Astafiev tells us an instructive story about a talented fisherman who has a natural instinct that is useful for fishing. However, this hero also trades in poaching, exterminating fish without counting. By his actions, the hero causes irreparable damage to nature. The reason for these actions is not hunger. Utrobin acts like this out of greed.
In one of these sorties, a huge fish comes across a poacher's hook. Greed and ambition prevent the fisherman from calling his brother for help, he decides to pull out a huge sturgeon at all costs. Over time, Ignatich begins to go under water along with the fish. A turning point happens in his soul, where he asks for forgiveness for all his sins in front of his brother, in front of the bride he offended. Having overcome greed, the fisherman calls his brother for help.
Ignatich changes his attitude to nature when he feels how the fish "tightly and carefully pressed against him with a thick and tender belly." He understands that the fish is clinging to him, because he is afraid of death just like he is. He ceases to see in this living creature only an instrument for profit. When the hero realizes his mistakes, he will be liberated and cleansed of his soul from sins.
At the end of the story, we see that nature forgave the fisherman, gave him a new chance to atone for all sins.
The fight between Ignatich and the king fish is a metaphor for the battle between man and nature that takes place every day. Destroying nature, man dooms himself to extinction. Causing harm to nature, a person deprives himself of the environment of existence. Cutting down forests, destroying animals, a person dooms himself to extinction.
This work also raises the question: can a person consider himself the king of nature. And Astafiev gives the answer: no, man is a part of nature, and not always the best. Only concern for nature can maintain the balance of life, the countless destruction of what the world around us gives us can only lead to death. The pride of a person who imagines himself to be the "king of nature" leads only to destruction.
We need to love the world around us, exist in peace and harmony with it, respecting every living being.

How should nature be treated?
Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
One of the problems raised by the author of this wonderful tale is the relationship of man to nature.
The protagonist can serve as an example of respect for nature. The little prince lives on a small planet. His basic rule: "Get up in the morning, wash, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order." The little prince cleans volcanoes every morning and uproots baobab trees, which, if left unattended, can resolve the planet.
The main character teaches us to appreciate the beauty in the natural world, to protect it with all our might, because the planet is our home, and a person cannot live without a home. That is why the Little Prince asked the snake to bite him in order to return home to his planet and rose, which he must look after. Because looking after the house you live in is the main duty and responsibility of a person.

What is the danger of active human intervention in the natural world? What is the struggle between man and nature?
Chingiz Aitmatov "Plakha"
The author focuses on the problem of human intervention in the natural world.
In order to fulfill the meat-delivery plan, people decide to kill the saigas, which at that moment were being hunted by the wolves of Akbar and Tashchainar. Helicopters begin to drive the saigas towards the hunters in the UAZ, in the process, the children of the wolves die. When the tired wolves return to their native den, they find that there are people near it, collecting the remains of saigas.
Avdey calls on the participants in this disgusting act to immediately stop the slaughter, for which the hunters kill him.
Akbara and Tashchainar started new life and gave birth to new wolf cubs, but they also died in a fire that people set up.
The last time they tried to continue the family in another area, but a man named Nazarbay stole and sold four wolf cubs. There was no limit to the mother-wolf's grief. It is no coincidence that Aitmatov describes a family of wolves, endowing them with human features. They also create families, love their children, rejoice and grieve. The man in the novel is presented less alive. Most of the people in the novel are shown as insensitive creatures, devoid of moral principles.
Unceremoniously, completely without thinking about the world around, a person paves meters of new roads, he comes to someone else's house, where he robs and destroys natural inhabitants. This novel shows that such interference can end tragically for both people and animals. At the end of the work, a she-wolf dies, and with her a little boy who suffered in a crazy struggle between two full-fledged inhabitants of this planet: a man and a wolf.
A person is closely connected with the natural world, it is important not to fight, but to be in peace and harmony.

Why is it important to appreciate the beauty of nature?
R. Bradbury "All Summer in One Day"
This story teaches us to appreciate the beauty of nature here and now. To give a sense of what it means to "never see the sun," Bradbury shows the life of the colonists on Venus. On this planet, it rains most of the time, and the inhabitants can see the sun only once every 7 years. Everyone is looking forward to this day. But among the children of the colonists there is one girl who was brought to Venus already at a conscious age, because she has the worst of all. For other children, the sun is a dream, for Margot it is something lost. With this example, Bradbury tries to convey to the reader the idea: a person begins to especially appreciate surrounding beauty nature at the moment when it loses. We live in a wonderful world, but we do not appreciate what we have.


ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares".
The main character Mazai is a hunter by profession. However, this person has a moral code and a conscience. He laments that there would be a much larger number of animals in the area if other hunters did not use dishonest methods: they would not catch animals with nets, would not crush with snares and would not destroy hares during the spring flood. He tells a story about how, during a flood, he saw an island surrounded by water. Hares huddled together on this island. Kind heart the hunter could not stand it, he collected them on his boat, swam to the shore, and then released them. He took the frozen and weak rabbits home so that they could warm up, and in the morning he released them into the wild.
The moral principle of this man is that it is not fair to attack the weak. Of course, a person lives by hunting. A man is a predator, but he also has a morality that should not allow him to “beat a lying person”. When an animal is unable to defend itself, then it is impossible to attack it. Such a hunt turns a person into a killer. Man is endowed with great potential, he is stronger and more cunning than many animals, but at the same time he has a heart and morality. You need to treat nature with care, you can’t just take it, you need to help it.

How should nature be treated?
J. Giono "The Man Who Planted Trees"
"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. In the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéard Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area.
For four decades, Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: the valley became like a Garden of Eden. The authorities took this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official state protection. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Buffier.
Elzéard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also able to create. Human resources are inexhaustible, purposefulness can create life where it does not exist. This story has been translated into 13 languages, it has had such a strong impact on society and authorities that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest have been restored after reading it.



B.L. Vasiliev "Don't shoot the white swans"
One of the main characters, Yegor Polushkin, is a man who does not stay at one job for a long time. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart”. He loves the forest very much, takes care of it. That is why he is appointed a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Yegor manifests himself as a real fighter for the protection of nature. He boldly enters into a fight with poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man is an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Against Buryanov's cruelty, goodness must always come out in the person of the caring "polushkins".

The relationship of man to nature, the relationship of man and nature, the responsibility of man for his actions to the natural world.
Ray Bradbury "The Thunder Came"
One of the problems raised in R. Bradbury's story "And Thunder Came" is the attitude to the natural world. The protagonist Eckels plunges into the past with the help of a time machine. The purpose of his journey is to hunt for a dinosaur. The organizers warn him that only those animals that are in danger of natural death can be killed. The instructor explains why such caution is needed: if you accidentally kill some of the most insignificant animals, then this can greatly affect the whole future. For example, if you kill a mouse, then there will be no fox and its descendants. If a particular fox disappears, then all its descendants and some lion will die, and so on. Thus, the death of one mouse can destroy entire dynasties, change the whole world. This shows how much a person is connected with the whole world of nature. People sometimes think that they are the kings of nature, but when a person kills a small mosquito just like that, he changes the lives of his future descendants. Man occupies a certain place in nature, no more, no less. That is why the unreasonable extermination of animals is so dangerous. It is not known how the whims of a person can affect the future. A person must understand that the entire ecosystem and the future of a person himself depend on his behavior, therefore, nature must be treated with care, appreciating each of its creations.


The problem of relation to nature.
A.P. Platonov "Unknown flower"
The story "Unknown Flower" touches upon the problem of attitude to nature. A positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day, she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, they all fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is impossible to recognize: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers”, and “birds and butterflies flew over it”. Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but it always brings such important results. Having spent an hour of his time, each person can save or "give life" to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.

How should you treat the environment?
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Bazarov declares that nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and immediately a magnificent landscape follows in the work. The pictures of nature, with which the novel is saturated, implicitly convince the reader of the exact opposite, namely, that nature is a temple, not a workshop, that only life in harmony with the outside world, and not violence against it, can bring happiness to a person.

How does nature influence a person's character?
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
The place where a person lives affects the formation of his character. Lermontov describes the Caucasus as a place surrounded by high dangerous mountains, seething, fast rivers, and therefore the people who live there have a bold, furious character. Mountains are associated with adventure and risk, and people's lives are about overcoming dangers. The harsh conditions of nature make a person's character harsh, he becomes prone to impulsiveness, he develops a spirit of adventurism. For people living in such an area, nature is not just a background. They feel nature better than any person who describes the beauties of the landscape, they love nature and feel it with their hearts: “... in the hearts of simple people, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper” .

The relationship between man and nature

Man and nature are inseparable. We are inextricably linked with the animals around us and flora and to a large extent dependent on it. It is no coincidence that the problem of the relationship between man and nature is so topical.

Our blood relationship with all things is obvious. Nikolai Rubtsov wrote about this in the poem “My Quiet Homeland”:

With every hut and cloud,

With thunder ready to fall

I feel the most burning

The deadliest bond.

For many of us, nature is an object of admiration, the soul blossoms from communication with it. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin found charm even in the bad days of late autumn:

Sad time! Oh charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me ...

Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky called nature "an eternal model of art." Her beauty was depicted in their works by writers, poets, artists, musicians. For creative people nature often became a source of inspiration. The story of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky "Squeaky floorboards" tells how Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his works. Love for relatives, places familiar from childhood inspired the Russian composer to create beautiful music.

There are many cases when nature healed a person, gave vitality. In O. Henry's story "The Last Leaf" the heroine falls seriously ill. Lying in bed, she counts the leaves on an old ivy. Jonesy thinks that when he falls last page she will die. But the leaf desperately resists the weather. And the girl is also fighting for her life.

The connection with nature has a beneficial effect on a person: one who lives in harmony with the outside world cannot but possess inner beauty. Recall Olesya, the heroine of the story of the same name by Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. A girl who grew up in the bosom of nature, in Polissya, attracts with moral purity and integrity of character.

However, the relationship between man and nature is not always harmonious. Sometimes we forget about the spiritual principle that is inherent in the world around us. “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it,” says Yevgeny Bazarov, the hero of Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons. Probably, in some ways the young nihilist is right. However, his judgment, in my opinion, is too one-sided. It is impossible to perceive nature only as a space for human activity and a source of material wealth. Such a consumer attitude leads to irreparable consequences, and we already have the opportunity to see this.

The unreasonable and sometimes barbaric actions of people provoked the disappearance rare species animals and plants, air and water pollution. In some areas of the planet, the rapid development of industry has caused a real environmental catastrophe.

But everything in the world is interconnected, and the harm that we cause to nature will sooner or later turn against us ...

Theme "Nature and Man": arguments. The problem of attitude to nature

Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on the way to adult life. Already today, many graduates are familiar with the delivery of essays in December, and then with the delivery of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Topics that can come across for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument "Nature and Man".

About the topic

Many authors wrote about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).

In order to properly reveal this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then there are several statements to choose from. famous people. The main thing here is to subtract the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You can see the arguments from the literature on this topic below.

If we are talking about the second part examination work in Russian, then here the student is already given the text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems to him the easiest to solve.

It must be said that few students choose this topic, because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, just look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.

Problem one

Arguments (“The problem of man and nature”) can be completely different. Let us take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something alive. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together if you think about it.

Take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so struck by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.

Let's remember the same Andrew. Experiencing severe emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak. What does he feel about it? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise being, which makes Andrei think about the right decision in his life.

At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of "War and Peace" support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" thinks quite differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature is no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. but natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - this is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.

These two works are perfect for revealing the theme "Man and Nature", the arguments are easy to give.

Second problem

The problem of human awareness of the beauty of nature is also often found in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.

For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". Recall the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky participated. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrey experiences when he sees the gray sky! The beauty that makes him hold his breath, that inspires him with strength!

But in addition to Russian literature, we can also consider works of foreign classics. Take Margaret Mitchell's famous work " gone With the Wind". The episode of the book, when Scarlett, having gone a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! What does the girl feel? She suddenly ceases to be restless, she ceases to feel tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature, the landscape of the native land that saves the girl from despair.

Third problem

Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall only a few works that tell us about the impact nature has on us.

For example, Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" is great as an argument for writing. Recall the main features of the plot: the old man goes to sea for a big fish. A few days later, he finally has a catch: he comes across a beautiful shark in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character is moving towards the house, the shark is slowly dying. All alone, the old man begins to talk to the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes his own. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other marine animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic smell of the blood of a wounded shark. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he has caught.

This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how hard it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that a person is able to resist the elements of nature, which acts solely according to its own laws.

Or let's take Astafiev's work "Tsar-fish". Here we observe how nature is able to revive all the best qualities of man. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature causes in them the manifestation of the best qualities of character.

Fourth problem

The problem of the beauty of the environment is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be cited from Russian classical poetry.

Let's take as an example the Silver Age poet Sergei Yesenin. We are all already high school we know that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich sang not only female beauty, but also natural beauty. Being a native of the village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei sang of Russian nature, paying attention to those details that go unnoticed by us.

For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly draws us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, darling, I remember”, which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows you to plunge into a beautiful summer night, when lindens are blooming, the sky is starry, and the moon is shining somewhere in the distance. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.

Two more poets of the "golden age" of literature, who sang of nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet at Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersect with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love with nature. Afanasy Fet's poem "I came to you with greetings" was just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.

Fifth problem

Speaking of arguments ("Man and Nature"), one can meet another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.

As an argument that will reveal the understanding of this problem, one can name " dog's heart» Mikhail Bulgakov. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new man with a dog's soul with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, only created problems and ended in failure. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than that what was originally, no matter how much we try to improve it.

Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be considered from this angle of view.

How does man influence nature?
Ray Bradbury "The Martian Chronicles"
People often have a consumerist attitude towards nature: they cut down forests, drain rivers and lakes, exterminate entire species of animals, without compensating for the consequences of their actions.
Ray Bradbury's novel The Martian Chronicles describes in detail the impact of man on the natural world. Having polluted their planet, turning it into huge megacities, people began to explore distant Mars, already inhabited by inhabitants. Martians in this respect are very different from earthlings: they are closely connected with the nature of their planet. Half of their houses consist of living natural formations, they themselves actively use the gifts of their nature in everyday life. Their peaceful existence was violated by the inhabitants of the planet Earth. Having started the settlement of Mars, people not only destroyed all the Martians, but also began to exterminate the Martian culture, imposing their own rules on the new world.

Why should we take care of nature?
HG Wells "War of the Worlds"
Nature is the home of man. All living things that exist on planet Earth are interconnected. The famous English writer Herbert Wells in his novel "The War of the Worlds" showed nature as the savior of mankind. After the start of the war with aliens, people were on the verge of extinction: aliens destroyed earthlings, transformed the earth's surface, destroyed a huge number of cities. People could not resist such an enemy with their weapons, and then bacteria and microbes came to their aid, exterminating the aliens. The planet itself did not allow the invaders to destroy human civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the world of nature with care, because if nature does not disappear, man himself will disappear.

What is the role of nature in Russian culture?

For Russians, nature has always been freedom, will, freedom. Listen to the language: take a walk in the wild, go free. Will is the absence of worries about tomorrow, it is carelessness, blissful immersion in the present.
Remember Koltsov:
Oh you, my steppe,
The steppe is free,
You are wide, steppe,
Spread out
To the Black Sea
Moved up!
Wide space has always owned the hearts of Russians. It resulted in concepts and representations that are not found in other languages. What is the difference between will and freedom? The fact that free will is freedom, connected with space, with nothing obstructed by space. And the concept of melancholy, on the contrary, is connected with the concept of crowding, depriving a person of space. To oppress a person is to deprive him of space in the direct and figuratively this word.
And nature needed a big man, open, with a huge outlook. That's why it's so loved folk song polyushko-field. Will is large spaces where you can walk and walk, wander, swim along the flow of large rivers and for long distances, breathe free air, breathe in the wind widely with your chest, feel the sky above your head, be able to move in different directions - as you please.
Russian lyrical lingering song - it also has a longing for space. And it is best sung outside the home, in the wild, in the field.
The bells had to be heard as far as possible. Fast driving is also a desire for space.
But the same special attitude to open space and space is also seen in epics. Mikula Selyaninovich follows the plow from end to end of the field. Volga has to catch up with him for three days on young Bukhara colts.
They heard a plowman in a pure poly,
Plowman-plowman.
They rode all day in pure poly,
The plowman was not run over,
And the next day they drove from morning to evening.
The plowman was not run over,
And on the third day they rode from morning to evening,
Plowman and ran over.

There is also a sense of space in the beginnings of epics describing Russian nature, and in the desires of heroes, Volga, for example:
Volgy wanted a lot of wisdom:
Pike-fish walk Volgy in the blue seas,
Like a falcon, fly Volgy under the clouds,
Wolf and prowl in clean fields.
Even the description of the towers built by Nightingale Budimirovich's "choir squad" in the garden near Zabava Putyatichna contains the same delight in the vastness of nature.
Well decorated in towers:
The sun is in the sky - the sun is in the tower;
A month in the sky - a month in the tower;
There are stars in the sky - in the tower of the star;
Dawn in the sky - dawn in the tower
And all the beauty of heaven.
Delight in front of the open spaces is already present in ancient Russian literature - in the Primary Chronicle, in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", in "The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land", in "The Life of Alexander Nevsky", and in almost every work of the most ancient period of the XI-XIII centuries . Everywhere events either cover vast spaces, as in The Tale of Igor's Campaign, or take place among vast spaces with responses in distant lands, as in The Life of Alexander Nevsky. Since ancient times, Russian culture has considered freedom and space to be the greatest aesthetic and ethical good for man.

The relationship between man and nature. How do humans and nature interact?
Argument from D.S. Likhachev "letters about the good and the beautiful"
Nature has its own culture. Therefore, the relationship between nature and man is the relationship between two cultures, each of which is “social”, sociable in its own way, has its own “rules of conduct”. And their meeting is built on peculiar moral grounds. Both cultures are the fruit of historical development, and the development of human culture has been under the influence of nature for a long time (since the existence of mankind), and the development of nature with its multimillion-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture.
One (the culture of nature) can exist without the other (human) and the other (human) cannot. But still for many past centuries there was a balance between nature and man. Equilibrium is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more "nature", and the farther south and closer to the steppe, the more "man".
The landscape of Russia throughout its heroic space seems to pulsate, it either discharges and becomes more natural, then it thickens in villages, graveyards and cities, it becomes more human.
The old Russian city does not oppose nature. He goes to nature through the suburbs. Hundreds of years ago, he clung to the walls of the city with vegetable gardens and gardens, to the rampart and the moat, he clung to the surrounding fields and forests, taking from them a few trees, a few vegetable gardens, a little water in his ponds and wells. And all this is in the ebb and flow of hidden and obvious rhythms - beds, streets, houses, logs, blocks of pavements and bridges.

What is characteristic of the Russian landscape?
Argument from D.S. Likhachev "letters about the good and the beautiful"
In Russian landscape painting, there are a lot of works dedicated to the seasons: autumn, spring, winter - the favorite themes of Russian landscape painting throughout the 19th century and later. And most importantly, it does not contain unchanging elements of nature, but most often temporary: early or late autumn, spring waters, melting snow, rain, thunderstorms, the winter sun, peeking out for a moment due to heavy winter clouds, etc.
In Russian nature there are no eternal, not changing in different times years of large objects like mountains, evergreen trees. Everything in Russian nature is changeable in color and condition. Eternal masquerade eternal holiday colors and lines, perpetual motion - within a year or a day.
All these changes exist, of course, in other countries, but in Russia they seem to be most noticeable thanks to Russian painting, starting with Venetsianov and Martynov. Russia has a continental climate, and this continental climate creates an especially severe winter and an especially hot summer, a long, iridescent spring with all shades of colors, in which each week brings with it something new, a protracted autumn, in which there is also its very beginning with an unusual transparency of the air, sung by Tyutchev, and a special silence, peculiar only to August, and late fall which Pushkin loved so much.
But in Russia, unlike the south, especially somewhere on the shores of the White Sea or White Lake, there are unusually long evenings with the setting sun, which creates play of colors in the wild, changing literally in five-minute intervals, a whole “ballet of colors”, and wonderful - long-long - sunrises. There are moments (especially in spring) when the sun "plays", as if it was cut by an experienced cutter. White nights and "black", dark days in December create not only a diverse range of colors, but also an extremely rich emotional palette. And Russian poetry responds to all this diversity.
A characteristic feature of the Russian landscape is already in Venetsianov. She is also in early spring Vasiliev. She majorly affected the work of Levitan. This inconstancy and fluctuation of time is a feature, as it were, connecting the people of Russia with its landscapes.
National traits cannot be exaggerated, made exceptional. National features are only some accents, and not qualities that others lack. National features bring people together, interest people of other nationalities, and do not remove people from the national environment of other peoples, do not close peoples in themselves. Nations are not walled communities, but harmoniously coordinated associations.
Therefore, if I am talking about what is characteristic of the Russian landscape or Russian poetry, then these same properties, but, however, to some other extent, are characteristic of other countries and peoples. The national traits of a people do not exist in themselves and for themselves, but also for others. They are revealed only when viewed from the outside and in comparison, therefore they should be understandable for other peoples, they should exist in some other arrangement among others.

Nature in the poem is in close connection with people. So, a solar eclipse seems to warn the army of Prince Igor about the impending danger. After the defeat of the Russians, "the grass will droop with pity, and the tree bowed to the ground with grief." At the moment of Igor's escape from captivity, the woodpeckers with their knock suggest to him the way to the river. The Donets River also helps him, "cherishing the prince on the waves, spreading green grass on his silver banks, dressing him with warm mists under the shade of a green tree." And Igor thanks Donets, his savior, talking poetically with the river.

K.G. Paustovsky - the tale "The disheveled sparrow".

The little girl Masha made friends with the sparrow Pashka. And he helped her return the glass bouquet stolen by the crow, which her father, who was at the front, once gave to her mother.

How does nature affect human soul? Nature helps us discover ourselves and the world around us

L.N. Tolstoy - epic novel "War and Peace". Nature gives a person hope, helps a person to realize his true feelings, to understand his own soul. Let us recall the meeting of Prince Andrei with the oak. If on the way to Otradnoye this old, dying oak filled his soul only with bitterness, then on the way back the oak with young, green, juicy leaves helps him to suddenly realize that life is not over yet, perhaps ahead of him is happiness, the fulfillment of his destiny.

Yu. Yakovlev - the story "Awakened by nightingales." Nature awakens in the human soul the best human qualities, creativity, helps to open up. The hero of the story is a kind of crazy, difficult child whom adults did not like and did not take seriously. His nickname is Selyuzhenok. But then one night he heard the singing of a nightingale, and he wanted to portray this nightingale. He sculpts it from plasticine, and then enrolls in an art studio. Interest appears in his life, adults change their attitude towards him.

Yu. Nagibin - the story "Winter Oak". Nature helps man to make many discoveries. Against the backdrop of nature, we become more aware of our own feelings, and also look at the people around us in a new way. This happened with the heroine of Nagibin's story, the teacher Anna Vasilievna. Once with Savushkin in winter forest, she took a fresh look at this boy, discovered in him qualities that she had not noticed before: closeness to nature, spontaneity, nobility.

What feelings does the beauty of Russian nature awaken in our soul? Love for Russian nature - love for the Motherland

S.A. Yesenin - poems “About arable land, arable land, arable land ...”, “Feeding is sleeping, dear plain ...”, “Rus”. The theme of nature in Yesenin's work merges inextricably with the theme small homeland, Russian Village. So, the early poems of the poet, filled with Christian images and details of peasant life, recreate a picture of the life of Orthodox Russia. Here the wretched kaliki pass through the villages, here the wanderer Mikola appears on the roads, here the deacon commemorates the dead. Each of these plots is framed by a modest, unpretentious landscape. And to the very last days Yesenin remains faithful to his ideal, remaining the poet of the "golden log hut." Admiration for the beauty of Russian nature merges in his verses with love for Russia.

N.M. Rubtsov - poems "I will ride on the hills of the dormant Fatherland ...", "My Quiet Motherland", "Star of the Fields", "Birches". In the poem "Visions on the Hill" N. Rubtsov refers to the historical past of the Motherland and traces the connection of times, finding echoes of this past in the present. The times of Batu are long gone, but for Russia of all times there are "Tatars and Mongols". The image of the Motherland, the feelings of the lyrical hero, the beauty of Russian nature, the inviolability of the people's foundations and the strength of the spirit of the Russian people good start, which is opposed in the poem to the image of evil in the past and present. In the poem “My Quiet Homeland”, the poet creates the image of his native village: huts, willows, a river, nightingales, an old church, a churchyard. For Rubtsov, the star of the fields becomes a symbol of all of Russia, a symbol of happiness. It is this image, and even, perhaps, Russian birches, that the poet associates with the Motherland.

K.G. Paustovsky - the story "Ilyinsky pool". The author talks about his attachment to one of the small places in Russia - Ilyinsky pool. Such places, according to the author, carry something sacred, they fill the soul with spiritual ease, reverence for beauty. native land. This is how a feeling of the Motherland is born in a person - from a little love