The image of Sobakevich (N. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"). Presentation for the literature lesson "The system of images of landlords in N.V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"" (Grade 9) Purchase and sale of "dead souls"
Gogol was born in the town of Velikie Sorochintsy, Mirgorod district, Poltava province, in the family of a landowner. They named him Nicholas in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, which was kept in the church of the village of Dikanka. Gogol was born in the town of Velikie Sorochintsy, Mirgorodsky district, Poltava province, in the family of a landowner. They named him Nicholas in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, which was kept in the church of the village of Dikanka. House of Dr. M.Ya. Trokhimovsky in Sorochintsy, where Gogol was born
Description of Sobakevich's Village The village was quite large; two forests, birch and pine, like two wings, one darker, the other lighter, were on her right and left. The village huts of the peasants were also built marvelously: there were no brick walls, carved patterns, and other frills, but everything was fitted tightly and properly. Even the well was lined with such strong oak that only goes to mills and ships. Everything was stubborn, without shaking, in some kind of strong and clumsy order.
Description of the master's house In the middle of the village there was a wooden house with a mezzanine, a red roof and dark gray or, better, wild walls - a house like those used for military settlements and German colonists. The pediment did not fit in the middle of the house ... Not four columns, as it was appointed, but only three. The yard was surrounded by a strong and unreasonably thick wooden lattice. In the stable, barn and kitchen, full-weight and thick logs were used, determined to stand for centuries. Paintings of Greek generals hung on the walls, full-length engraved. Then followed the Greek heroine Bobelina, whose one leg seemed larger than the whole body. At the very window, a cheerful cage from which looked out a dark-colored thrush with white speckles, very similar to Sobakevich. Everything in the rooms was solid, clumsy to the highest degree, and bore some strange resemblance to the owner of the house himself; in the corner of the living room stood a pot-bellied walnut office on absurd four legs, a perfect bear. Table, armchairs, chairs - everything was
Description of the appearance of the landowner Sobakevich bears little resemblance to other landowners. This is a prudent, tight-fisted owner, a cunning huckster. He is alien to the dreamy complacency of Manilov, as well as the violent extravagance of Nozdryov or the petty hoarding of Korobochka. He is taciturn, has an iron grip, has a mind of his own, and there are few people who would be able to deceive him. The author calls Sobakevich a patriot of the Russian stomach!
The attitude of the landowner to the proposal of Chichikov - Do you need dead souls? Sobakevich asked very simply, as if talking about bread. Please, I'm ready to sell. "Damn it," thought Chichikov to himself, "this one is already selling before I give a hint!" - In order not to ask you too much for a hundred rubles apiece! Sobakevich said. After all the disputes about the price, Chichikov said - “it seems that some kind of theatrical performance or comedy is happening between us, otherwise I can’t explain it” Sobakevich answered - you needed souls, I’m selling you, and you’ll repent that bought.
Chichikov's attitude towards the landowner Sobakevich himself seemed to Chichikov like a medium-sized bear - he was even called Mikhail Semenovich. He was wearing a bear-colored coat and long trousers. He walked awkwardly and constantly stepped on someone's feet. He was of a fairly strong build, "didn't move his neck at all" and rarely looked at the person he was talking to. Sobakevich himself seemed to Chichikov like a medium-sized bear - he was even called Mikhail Semenovich. He was wearing a bear-colored coat and long trousers. He walked awkwardly and constantly stepped on someone's feet. He was of a fairly strong build, "didn't move his neck at all" and rarely looked at the person he was talking to. The complexion was red-hot, hot, which happens on a copper penny.
Buying and selling "dead souls" The whole story of buying and selling began with the fact that Sobakevich said - "yes, so as not to ask you too much, a hundred rubles apiece!" "A hundred!" cried Chichikov, his mouth gaping. -But what is your price? - My price is eight hryvnias apiece! - Why are you crunching? Sobakevich answered. - another scammer will deceive you, sell you rubbish, not souls; and I have a vigorous nut, everything is for selection. After all the arguments, Sobakevich said: “My last word, fifty rubles! Really, loss to yourself, you can’t buy such a good people anywhere cheaper!
Sobakevich, as a true merchant, presented his goods not just as dead people, but as valuable artisans: shoemakers, carpenters, bricklayers, etc., as if forgetting that they were no longer there. Finally, the guest and the host agreed on the price and decided to go to the city the next day and draw up a bill of sale. Chichikov had to pay a deposit, but he demanded a receipt. Saying goodbye, the guest asked the host not to tell anyone about the deal, and he agreed. The whole story of buying and selling began with the fact that Sobakevich said - “yes, so as not to ask you for too much, a hundred rubles apiece!”
THE IMAGE OF THE LANDMAN Sobakevich IN N.V. GOGOL'S POEM "DEAD SOULS"
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenych - landowner, the fourth "seller" of dead souls. The very name and appearance of this hero (reminiscent of a “medium-sized bear”, the tailcoat on him is “completely bearish” in color, steps at random, his complexion is “red-hot, hot”) indicate his power of his nature. . PORTRAIT
The character of Sobakevich is superbly captured by the writer and is revealed not only in appearance, but also in his manner of speaking, moving, in his whole way of life.
Every thing in Sobakevich's house, from "a pot-bellied walnut bureau on absurd four legs" to the last chair, grew surprisingly closely with its owner and seemed to say: "I am also Sobakevich. And I am also very similar to Sobakevich."
In S.'s house, there are paintings on the walls depicting exclusively Greek heroes who look like the owner of the house. The dark-colored speckled thrush and the pot-bellied nut bureau (“perfect bear”) are similar to S. In turn, the hero himself also looks like an object - his legs are like cast-iron pedestals. S. is a type of Russian fist, a strong, prudent owner. Its peasants live well, reliably. The fact that S.'s natural power and efficiency turned into dull inertia is more likely not the fault, but the hero's misfortune. .
Sobakevich is characterized by an extremely hostile attitude towards everything connected with the spiritual principle in human life. In his eyes, enlightenment and culture are all just inventions, useless and harmful to anyone.
According to Sobakevich's firm conviction, the only important thing in life can only be concern for one's own existence and well-being. Saturation of his stomach under any circumstances (at home or away - it does not matter) is always in the foreground.
During the entire conversation with Chichikov, Sobakevich's posture betrayed his bestial grip of a predator and his swift ambush to meet his prey when it was within reach.
SOBAKEVICH lives exclusively in modern times, in the 1820s. From the height of his power, HE sees how the life surrounding him was crushed. During the bargain, he remarks: “... what kind of people are these? flies, not people ", much worse than the dead. SOBAKEVICH occupies one of the highest places in the spiritual "hierarchy" of heroes, because, according to the author, he has many chances for rebirth. By nature, he is endowed with many good qualities.
The presentation was made by a student of the 9th "B" class of the MBOU "Ulyanovskaya secondary school" of the Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region Vladimir Gorbunov. Teacher: teacher of Russian language and literature of the 1st category Nesterova O.A. February 10, 2012
Sobakevich. Portrait "A healthy and strong man", whom nature "chopped from the whole shoulder"; very similar "to a medium-sized bear"; “... it seemed that there was no soul in this body at all, or he had one, but not at all where it should be, but, like an immortal koshchey, somewhere beyond the mountains, and covered with such a thick shell that everything, whatever was tossing and turning at the bottom of it, produced absolutely no shock on the surface.
Slide 14 from the presentation "Landlords in Dead Souls". The size of the archive with the presentation is 607 KB.Literature Grade 9
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Sections: Literature
Goals:
- analyze the image of the landowner Sobakevich to reveal the author's ideological position on the basis of individual work with the text;
- to develop the skills of analyzing a prose work, to draw generalizing conclusions;
- develop attention, associative thinking and creative imagination of students, speech development, the ability to work in a group, listen to your classmates, express your opinion and summarize the knowledge gained in the lesson;
- work with key concepts;
- educate the reading culture of schoolchildren
Technology: Development of critical thinking through reading and writing .
Equipment: portrait of N. V. Gogol, portraits of landowners, exhibition of books.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. The lesson starts with repetition of previous material in order to prepare students for solving the problem put forward by the teacher.
Teacher: What is the plot of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" and what opportunities did it give the writer to reveal the ideological meaning of the work?
Student: The essence of the plot is that the businessman-purchaser Chichikov travels around Russia, visits the estates of landowners and buys up dead souls. The plot was proposed to Gogol by A.S. Pushkin. This plot gave the writer the opportunity, following his hero, "to travel around Russia and show widely the life of Russia, various landowners."
2. Statement of the problem question:
– Why do you think N.V. Gogol called his work “dead souls”?
3. Hypothesis:
“Gogol named his poem because it talks about buying dead souls.”
- In my opinion, Gogol wants to show that the landowners have, as it were, outlived their own, they are, as it were, dead.
4. Repetition of old material in order to test hypotheses.
The teacher suggests recalling the works of Griboyedov, Lermontov.
- Remember Griboyedov's comedy. After all, it could be given a name, for example, "The Adventures of Chatsky in Moscow." Why did Griboyedov call the comedy "Woe from Wit"?
What meaning did he put into this name?
Student: Griboedov wanted to emphasize with this name that an intelligent, progressive person is not appreciated in a noble society. The name emphasizes intransigence, the conflict between an advanced, enlightened person and a reactionary, backward nobility.
Teacher: And what is the meaning of the title of Lermontov's novel? Why didn't he name, say, Pechorin's Life?
Student: Calling the novel "A Hero of Our Time" M.Yu. Lermontov emphasizes Pechorin's typicality for the 80s. In the preface to the novel, Lermontov wrote: "The hero of our time ..." is like a portrait, but not of one person. This is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation in their full development.
The teacher summarizes: As you can see, the title of a work of art does not simply reflect its theme, not only reveals its theme, but reveals its ideological meaning.
5. Analysis of the content of the 5th chapter Gogol's poems and the image of Sobakevich in order to solve the problem.
Teacher: Let us turn again to Gogol. What is the meaning of the poem's title? Let's think about this name. What meaning do we put into the concept of “soul” when we say: “This is a man with a soul”, “A man of a beautiful soul”?
The soul is the beautiful inner qualities of a person.
- We mean by this concept the noble aspirations of man. This is the inner, spiritual world of man.
Teacher: Let's reveal the meaning of the title of the poem on the example of the image of Sobakevich. What is his spiritual world, his aspirations? How does the writer describe the estate and the interior decoration of the rooms?
Students retell passages from chapter 5 close to the text. Under the guidance of the teacher, they conclude that through the description of the situation, Gogol characterizes Sobakevich as a person who has no taste, no aesthetic sense.
Teacher: And how is Sobakevich's appearance described?
When students retell the relevant passages from the chapter, the teacher draws attention to the artistic methods of depicting the image:
– Why does Gogol so insistently emphasize Sobakevich's resemblance to animals, to things?
The students, guided by the teacher, conclude that Sobakevich's outward rudeness reveals the baseness, bestiality of his nature. The hyperbolic comparison with animals, with furniture is a lyrical device that emphasizes that Sobakevich has nothing sublime.
Teacher: When Chichikov arrived at Sobakevich's, the guest and host were silent for several minutes, staring blankly at each other. And even dexterous in "secular" conversations, Chichikov does not know what to talk about with the owner of the house, how to break the awkward silence.
And rightly so, what can we talk about with Sobakevich? About politics, art, about the fate of Russia, about literature? - No, this savage landowner is not interested in such questions.
And yet, at some moments of the conversation, the usually silent Sobakevich perks up and even becomes eloquent. Obviously, it was about what interests him. When and why does Sobakevich revive?
Students report that Sobakevich perks up when it comes to haggling over dead souls. Even Chichikov was surprised: “Where did the agility and gift of speech come from?”.
6. Expressive reading on the roles of the bargaining scene between Sobakevich and Chichikov.
Teacher: What interests and aspirations of Sobakevich are revealed in that scene?
Student: The main goal of Sobakevich's life is profit. He is ready to bargain with anything and asks for a hundred rubles for a dead soul.
Teacher: And what interests Sobakevich?
Student: Sobakevich loves to eat. He has a monstrous appetite. (They give examples, retelling the episodes “Breakfast at the police chief”, “Lunch at Sobakevich”).
7. Student presentations
Teacher: It should be emphasized that Sobakevich is not only not ashamed of his painful gluttony, but is proud of it. He even believes that the ability to eat is the main advantage of a Russian person.
Patriots are different. They cherish the history of their country, the other - culture, the third cherishes the military victories of their native country. And Sobakevich, as you can see, is a patriot of a special kind. He cannot be called a patriot of Russia - he is a patriot of the Russian stomach.
In a conversation with Chichikov, Sobakevich proved himself a good host.
He knows the business qualities of his peasants well.
Compare how the peasants live at Sobakevich's and at Manilov's?
Students: Sobakevich's peasants live in prosperity, he makes sure that they live better.
(Retell the relevant episodes of chapters 2 and 5)
Teacher: Is it possible to conclude from these facts that Sobakevich cares about his peasants?
Teacher: Sobakevich has the views of a serf-owner. Peasants for him are slaves, a source of income, a commodity. He reproaches Chichikov that his “human soul is like a steamed turnip,” and immediately cynically adds: “Give me at least three rubles.”
But, perhaps, Sobakevich is so cruel only to serfs, and to people of his circle - a different attitude?
Student: Sobakevich hates all people. Sobakevich's review of city officials can be cited as an example. Sobakevich is a fist, he is ready to step on everyone's foot, squeeze, crush a person.
Teacher: Such landlords, strong landlords, convinced feudal lords, were a reliable support for the reaction, a stronghold of the autocratic feudal system. Sobakevich appears in the poem as a symbol of Arakcheevism.
The teacher summarizes: This is what the spiritual world of Sobakevich is like: the absence of any high aspirations and interests, noble feelings. The world of profit, the world of property kills everything beautiful in a person. Gogol hyperbolically depicts the ugliness and absurdity of Sobakevich, thereby emphasizing his deadness.
The class, under the guidance of the teacher, will try to name the common features of all the landowners, writing them down on the board and in notebooks:
a) low cultural level;
b) lack of intellectual requests;
c) desire for enrichment;
d) cruelty in the treatment of serfs;
e) moral uncleanliness;
f) lack of concept of patriotism.
8. Summing up the conversation. Solution
Teacher: How would you now explain the meaning of the title of the poem?
Student: Gogol calls the dead souls of the landlords, who lack beautiful human features, feelings, aspirations.
Teacher: On the poster are the words of Herzen, revealing the title of the poem: “Not the dead souls of the revisionists, but all these Sobakeviches, Nozdrevs, etc. ...” - and portraits of landowners. This is how A.I. Herzen understood the meaning of the name. Work on the images of the landowners continues.
9. Homework
1. Working with text based on the images of landowners.
2. Work in groups: each member of the group receives a card with an individual task, the answers to which he must write in a notebook. Also, each group receives a card with a common task for everyone.
3. Optional (optional): write Sobakevich's anthem.
