Scheme of the content of volume 1 war peace. "War and Peace": characters
In his novel, Tolstoy portrayed a number of characters. The author knowingly provides a detailed description of the characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the entire noble families, which make up the whole noble families, show the reader a reflection of the people who lived during the war with Napoleon. In "War and Peace" we see the Russian spirit, the features of historical events characteristic of the period of the late 18th - early 19th century. The greatness of the Russian soul is shown against the backdrop of these events.
If you make a list of characters ("War and Peace"), you get a total of about 550-600 heroes. However, they are not all equally important to the story. "War and Peace" is a novel whose heroes can be divided into three main groups: main, secondary characters and those simply mentioned in the text. Among them are both fictional and historical figures, as well as heroes who have prototypes among the writer's environment. This article will introduce the main characters. "War and Peace" is a work in which the Rostov family is described in detail. Therefore, let's start with it.
Ilya Andreevich Rostov
This is a count who had four children: Petya, Nikolai, Vera and Natasha. Ilya Andreevich is a very generous and good-natured person who loved life. As a result, his exorbitant generosity led to extravagance. Rostov is a loving father and husband. He is a good organizer of receptions and balls. But life on a grand scale, as well as disinterested assistance to wounded soldiers and the departure of Russians from Moscow, dealt fatal blows to his condition. Conscience tormented Ilya Andreevich all the time because of the approaching poverty of his relatives, but he could not help himself. After the death of Petya, the youngest son, the count was broken, but revived, preparing the wedding of Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha. Count Rostov dies a few months after these characters are married. "War and Peace" (Tolstoy) is a work in which the prototype of this hero is Ilya Andreevich, Tolstoy's grandfather.
Natalya Rostova (wife of Ilya Andreevich)
This 45-year-old woman, the wife of Rostov and the mother of four children, had some eastern surroundings. Those around her regarded the focus of gravity and slowness in her as solidity, as well as her high significance for the family. However, the real reason for these manners lies in the weak and exhausted physical condition due to childbirth and the forces devoted to raising children. Natalya loves her family and children very much, so the news of Petya's death almost drove her crazy. Countess Rostova, like Ilya Andreevich, loved luxury and demanded that everyone fulfill her orders. In it you can find the features of Tolstoy's grandmother - Pelageya Nikolaevna.
Nikolai Rostov
This hero is the son of Ilya Andreevich. He is a loving son and brother, he honors his family, but at the same time he faithfully serves in the army, which is a very important and significant feature in his characterization. He often saw even his fellow soldiers as a second family. Although Nikolai was in love with Sonya, his cousin, for a long time, he nevertheless marries Marya Bolkonskaya at the end of the novel. Nikolai Rostov is a very energetic person, with "open and curly hair. His love for the Russian emperor and patriotism never dried up. After going through the hardships of the war, Nikolai becomes a brave and courageous hussar. He retires after the death of Ilya Andreevich in order to correct the financial situation of the family, pay off debts and finally become a good husband for his wife. To Tolstoy, this hero is presented as a prototype of his own father. As you probably already noticed, the character system is characterized by the presence of prototypes in many heroes. "War and Peace" - a work in which the morals of the nobility are presented through the features of the family of Tolstoy, who was a count.
Natasha Rostova
This is the daughter of the Rostovs. A very emotional and energetic girl who was considered ugly, but attractive and lively. Natasha is not very smart, but at the same time she is intuitive, as she could well "guess people", their character traits and mood. This heroine is very impulsive, prone to self-sacrifice. She dances and sings beautifully, which at that time was an important characteristic of a girl belonging to a secular society. Leo Tolstoy repeatedly emphasizes the main quality of Natasha - closeness to the Russian people. She absorbed the nation and Russian culture. Natasha lives in an atmosphere of love, happiness and kindness, but after a while the girl faces a harsh reality. The blows of fate, as well as heartfelt experiences, make this heroine an adult and, as a result, give her true love for her husband, Pierre Bezukhov. The story of the rebirth of Natasha's soul deserves special respect. She began attending church after being the victim of a deceitful seducer. Natasha is a collective image, the prototype of which was Tolstoy's daughter-in-law, Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, as well as her sister (the author's wife), Sofya Andreevna.
Vera Rostova
This heroine is the daughter of the Rostovs ("War and Peace"). The portraits of characters created by the author are distinguished by a variety of characters. Vera, for example, was famous for her strict disposition, as well as for the inappropriate, though fair, remarks she made in society. Her mother, for some unknown reason, did not love her very much, and Vera felt this keenly, and therefore often went against everyone. This girl later became the wife of Boris Drubetskoy. The prototype of the heroine is Lev Nikolaevich (Elizaveta Bers).
Petr Rostov
Rostov's son, still a boy. Petya, who grew up, tried to go to war as a young man, and his parents could not keep him. He escaped from their care and decided to join the Denisov regiment. In the very first battle, Petya dies, not having had time to fight yet. The death of a beloved son greatly crippled the family.
Sonya
With this heroine, we finish the description of the characters ("War and Peace") belonging to the Rostov family. Sonya, a glorious miniature girl, was Ilya Andreevich's own niece and lived all her life under his roof. Love for Nikolai became fatal for her, as she failed to marry him. Natalya Rostova, the old countess, was against this marriage, since the lovers were cousins. Sonya acted nobly, refusing Dolokhov and deciding to love only Nikolai all her life, while freeing him from the promise given to her. She spends the rest of her life in the care of Nikolai Rostov, with the old countess.
The prototype of this heroine is Tatyana Alexandrovna Yergolskaya, the second cousin of the writer.
Not only the Rostovs in the work are the main characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the Bolkonsky family also plays a big role.
Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky
This is the father of Andrei Bolkonsky, a general-in-chief in the past, in the present he is a prince who has earned the nickname "Prussian king" in Russian secular society. He is socially active, strict like a father, pedantic, is a wise owner of the estate. Outwardly, this is a thin old man with thick eyebrows that hung over intelligent and penetrating eyes, in a powdered white wig. Nikolai Andreevich does not like to show his feelings even to his beloved daughter and son. He harasses Mary with constant nit-picking. Prince Nikolai, sitting on his estate, follows the events taking place in the country, and only before his death loses an idea of the scale of the Russian war with Napoleon. Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, the writer's grandfather, was the prototype of this prince.
Andrey Bolkonsky
This is the son of Nikolai Andreevich. He is ambitious, like his father, restrained in expressing feelings, but he loves his sister and father very much. Andrei is married to Lisa, the "little princess". He had a successful military career. Andrei philosophizes a lot about the meaning of life, the state of his spirit. He is in constant search. In Natasha Rostova, after the death of his wife, he found hope for himself, as he saw a real, and not fake, as in secular society, girl, and therefore fell in love with her. Having made an offer to this heroine, he was forced to go abroad for treatment, which became a test of their feelings. The wedding ended up falling apart. Andrei went to war with Napoleon, where he was seriously wounded, as a result of which he died. Until the end of his days, Natasha looked after him faithfully.
Marya Bolkonskaya
This is Andrei's sister, the daughter of Prince Nicholas. She is very meek, ugly, but kind-hearted and also very rich. Her devotion to religion is an example of meekness and kindness to many. Marya loves her father unforgettably, often pestering her with his reproaches and ridicule. This girl also loves her brother. She did not immediately accept Natasha as a future daughter-in-law, since she seemed to her too frivolous for Andrei. Marya, after all the hardships, marries Nikolai Rostov.
Its prototype is Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, Tolstoy's mother.
Pierre Bezukhov (Pyotr Kirillovich)
The main characters of the novel "War and Peace" would not be listed in full, if not to mention Pierre Bezukhov. This hero plays one of the most important roles in the work. He experienced a lot of pain and mental trauma, has a noble and kind disposition. Lev Nikolaevich himself loves Pierre very much. Bezukhov, as a friend of Andrei Bolkonsky, is very responsive and devoted. Despite the intrigues weaving under his nose, Pierre did not lose confidence in people, did not become embittered. By marrying Natasha, he finally found happiness and grace, which he lacked with his first wife, Helen. At the end of the work, his desire to change the political foundations in Russia is noticeable, you can even guess from afar the Decembrist moods of Pierre.
These are the main characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which a large role is given to such historical figures as Kutuzov and Napoleon, as well as to some other commanders in chief. Other social groups are also represented, except for the nobility (merchants, petty bourgeois, peasantry, army). The list of characters ("War and Peace") is quite impressive. However, our task is to consider only the main characters.
what are the problems in the novel "War and Peace" and got the best answer
Answer from Yatiana*******[guru]
The problem of honor and dishonor is raised in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Honor and dignity are the main qualities of a human character, and those who have lost them are alien to any high aspirations and searches. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of Leo Tolstoy.
The problem of finding the meaning of life. The hero of the epic novel, Pierre Bezukhov, at the beginning of his journey, is far from the truth: he admires Napoleon, participates in empty entertainment, easily succumbs to gross flattery, the cause of which is his huge fortune. And as a result - the loss of the meaning of life. Only after passing the test of war and captivity, having recognized ordinary people (such as Platon Karataev), Pierre was able to truly understand life and his place in it. He comes to the conclusion that only love moves the world and man lives.
One of the philosophical problems of the novel is the question of freedom and necessity. Tolstoy solves this question in his own and original way. He says that the freedom of a person, a historical figure, is apparent, a person is free only not to go against events, not to impose his will on them, but simply to correspond to history, change, grow and in this way influence its course. Tolstoy's thought is profound that a person is the less free the closer he is to power.
Source: http://m.seznaika.ru/russkiy/ege/3912-2011-06-17-05-03-53
Answer from Vladislav Bessarab[newbie]
real life problem.
Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. He tried to find a real life in the war, joining the army and becoming disillusioned with the life he led. The prince understood one thing: a boring, monotonous secular life was not for him. In the war, he longed for glory, recognition, wanted to distinguish himself, making strategic plans and imagining how he would save the army at a critical moment. But after being wounded near Austerlitz, when Prince Andrei returned home and here his wife died before his eyes, leaving him a little son, everything he aspired to in the war faded into the background. Bolkonsky realized that this is not real life, and his search for such continued.
The problem of happiness in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Pierre returns to the society he had previously left, returns in search of happiness, but, on the other hand, he is saved by the war that unleashed with the French. He is trying to devote himself to the war, in order to try again to forget the past and find the happiness he needs so much. But, as always, his attempts are futile and no army is not only not happy for him, but even a burden. Pierre realizes that he was not born for military life. And everything is back to normal again.
Great man problem
In his novel, Leo Tolstoy clearly expressed the idea that a great person can only be if he is inextricably linked with the people, if he sincerely shares their views, aspirations, and faith. If he lives by the same ideals, thinks and acts in the same way as any conscious person would do. Only in the people is the main force, only in connection with the people can a real, strong personality be manifested.
Showing the special nature of the war of 1812 as a people's war.
The popular character of the war is shown by Tolstoy in various ways. The author's historical and philosophical arguments about the role of the individual and the people in history in general and the war of 1812 in particular are used, vivid pictures of outstanding historical events are drawn; the people can be portrayed (albeit extremely rarely) as a whole, general (for example, remarks that the peasants did not bring hay to Moscow, that all the inhabitants left Moscow, etc.) and as an innumerable number of living ordinary characters. The motives and feelings of the entire nation are concentrated in the image of the "representative of the people's war" commander Kutuzov, they are felt by the best representatives of the nobility who have become close to the people.
The problem of true and false patriotism.
Russian soldiers are real patriots. The novel is full of numerous episodes depicting the various manifestations of patriotism by Russian people. We see the true patriotism and heroism of the people in the depiction of classical scenes near Shengraben, Austerlitz, Smolensk, Borodin.
False patriotism is also shown by Count Rostopchin, who puts up stupid "posters" around Moscow, urges the inhabitants of the city not to leave the capital, and then, fleeing the people's wrath, deliberately sends the innocent son of the merchant Vereshchagin to death.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, with his pure Russian pen, gave life to a whole world of characters in the novel War and Peace. His fictional characters, which are intertwined into entire noble families or family ties between families, present to the modern reader a real reflection of those people who lived in the times described by the author. One of the greatest books of world significance, "War and Peace", with the confidence of a professional historian, but at the same time as in a mirror, represents to the whole world that Russian spirit, those characters of secular society, those historical events that were invariably present at the end of the 18th and early nineteenth centuries.
And against the background of these events, it is shown in all its power and diversity.
L.N. Tolstoy and the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" are experiencing the events of the past nineteenth century, but Lev Nikolayevich begins to describe the events of 1805. The coming war with the French, the decisively approaching the whole world and the growing greatness of Napoleon, the confusion in Moscow secular circles and the apparent calmness in St. Petersburg secular society - all this can be called a kind of background against which, like a brilliant artist, the author drew his characters. There are quite a lot of heroes - about 550 or 600. There are both main and central figures, and there are others or just mentioned. In total, the heroes of "War and Peace" can be divided into three groups: central, secondary and mentioned characters. Among all of them, there are both fictional heroes, as prototypes of the people who surrounded the writer at that time, and real-life historical figures. Consider the main characters of the novel.
Quotes from the novel "War and Peace"
- ... I often think how sometimes the happiness of life is unfairly distributed.
A person cannot own anything while he is afraid of death. And whoever is not afraid of her, everything belongs to him.
Until now, thank God, I have been a friend of my children and enjoy their full confidence, - said the countess, repeating the error of many parents who believe that their children have no secrets from them.
Everything, from napkins to silver, faience and crystal, bore that special imprint of novelty that happens in the household of young spouses.
If everyone fought only according to their convictions, there would be no war.
Being an enthusiast became her social position, and sometimes, when she didn’t even want to, she, in order not to deceive the expectations of people who knew her, became an enthusiast.
Everything, to love everyone, to always sacrifice oneself for love, meant not to love anyone, meant not to live this earthly life.
Never, never marry, my friend; here is my advice to you: do not marry until you tell yourself that you have done everything you could, and until you stop loving the woman you have chosen, until you see her clearly; otherwise you will make a cruel and irreparable mistake. Marry an old man, worthless ...
The central figures of the novel "War and Peace"
Rostovs - counts and countesses
Rostov Ilya Andreevich
Count, father of four children: Natasha, Vera, Nikolai and Petya. A very kind and generous person who loved life very much. His exorbitant generosity ultimately led him to extravagance. Loving husband and father. A very good organizer of various balls and receptions. However, his life on a grand scale, and disinterested assistance to the wounded during the war with the French and the departure of the Russians from Moscow, dealt fatal blows to his condition. His conscience constantly tormented him because of the impending poverty of his family, but he could not help himself. After the death of his youngest son Petya, the count was broken, but, however, revived during the preparations for the wedding of Natasha and Pierre Bezukhov. It takes just a few months after the wedding of the Bezukhovs, as Count Rostov dies.
Rostova Natalya (wife of Ilya Andreevich Rostov)
The wife of Count Rostov and the mother of four children, this woman, at the age of forty-five, had oriental features. The focus of slowness and gravity in her was regarded by others as the solidity and high significance of her personality for the family. But the real reason for her manners, perhaps, lies in the exhausted and weak physical condition due to childbirth and the upbringing of four children. She loves her family and children very much, so the news of the death of Petya's youngest son almost drove her crazy. Just like Ilya Andreevich, Countess Rostova was very fond of luxury and the execution of any of her orders.
Leo Tolstoy and the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" in Countess Rostova helped to reveal the prototype of the author's grandmother - Tolstoy Pelageya Nikolaevna.
Rostov Nikolay
Son of Count Rostov Ilya Andreevich. A loving brother and son who honors his family, at the same time he loves to serve in the Russian army, which is very significant and important for his dignity. Even in his fellow soldiers, he often saw his second family. Although he was in love with his cousin Sonya for a long time, at the end of the novel he marries Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. A very energetic young man, with curly hair and an "open expression". His patriotism and love for the Emperor of Russia never dried up. Having gone through many hardships of war, he becomes a brave and brave hussar. After the death of Father Ilya Andreevich, Nikolai retires in order to improve the financial affairs of the family, pay off debts and, finally, become a good husband for Marya Bolkonskaya.
It seems to Tolstoy Leo Nikolaevich as a prototype of his father.
Rostova Natasha
Daughter of the Count and Countess Rostov. A very energetic and emotional girl, who was considered ugly, but lively and attractive, she is not very smart, but intuitive, because she was able to perfectly “guess people”, their mood and some character traits. Very impetuous for nobility and self-sacrifice. She sings and dances very beautifully, which at that time was an important characterizing quality for a girl from a secular society. The most important quality of Natasha, which Leo Tolstoy, like his heroes, repeatedly emphasizes in the novel War and Peace, is closeness to the simple Russian people. Yes, and she herself absorbed the entire Russianness of culture and the strength of the spirit of the nation. Nevertheless, this girl lives in her illusion of goodness, happiness and love, which, after some time, brings Natasha into reality. It is these blows of fate and her heartfelt experiences that make Natasha Rostova an adult and give her, as a result, a mature true love for Pierre Bezukhov. The story of the rebirth of her soul deserves special respect, as Natasha began to attend church after she succumbed to the temptation of a deceitful seducer. If you are interested in Tolstoy's works, which take a deeper look at the Christian heritage of our people, then you need to read about how he fought temptation.
A collective prototype of the writer's daughter-in-law Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, as well as her sister, Lev Nikolaevich's wife, Sophia Andreevna.
Rostova Vera
Daughter of the Count and Countess Rostov. She was famous for her strict disposition and inappropriate, albeit fair, remarks in society. It is not known why, but her mother did not really love her and Vera felt this keenly, apparently, therefore she often went against everyone around her. Later she became the wife of Boris Drubetskoy.
It is the prototype of Tolstoy's sister Sophia - the wife of Leo Nikolayevich, whose name was Elizabeth Bers.
Rostov Petr
Just a boy, the son of the Count and Countess of the Rostovs. Growing up Petya, the young man tried to go to war, and in such a way that his parents could not at all keep him. Escaped all the same from parental care and decided on the hussar regiment of Denisov. Petya dies in the first battle, without having time to fight. His death greatly crippled his family.
Sonya
The miniature glorious girl Sonya was the native niece of Count Rostov and lived all her life under his roof. Her long-term love for Nikolai Rostov became fatal for her, because she never managed to unite with him in marriage. In addition, the old Count Natalya Rostova was very against their marriage, because they were cousins. Sonya acts nobly, refusing Dolokhov and agreeing to love only Nikolai for life, while freeing him from his promise to marry her. For the rest of her life, she lives with the old countess in the care of Nikolai Rostov.
The prototype of this seemingly insignificant character was Lev Nikolaevich's second cousin, Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya.
Bolkonsky - princes and princesses
Bolkonsky Nikolai Andreevich
The father of the protagonist, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. In the past, the acting general-in-chief, in the present, the prince, who earned himself the nickname "Prussian king" in Russian secular society. Socially active, strict like a father, tough, pedantic, but wise owner of his estate. Outwardly, he was a thin old man in a powdered white wig, thick eyebrows hanging over penetrating and intelligent eyes. He does not like to show feelings even for his beloved son and daughter. He constantly harasses his daughter Mary with nit-picking and sharp words. Sitting at his estate, Prince Nikolai is constantly on the alert for events taking place in Russia, and only before his death he loses a complete understanding of the scale of the tragedy of the Russian war with Napoleon.
The prototype of Prince Nikolai Andreevich was the writer's grandfather Volkonsky Nikolai Sergeevich.
Bolkonsky Andrey
Prince, son of Nikolai Andreevich. Ambitious, like his father, restrained in the manifestation of sensual impulses, but loves his father and sister very much. Married to the "little princess" Lisa. Made a good military career. He philosophizes a lot about life, the meaning and state of his spirit. From which it is clear that he is in some kind of constant search. After the death of his wife in Natasha, Rostova saw hope for himself, a real girl, and not a fake one like in secular society, and a certain light of future happiness, so he was in love with her. Having made an offer to Natasha, he was forced to go abroad for treatment, which served as a real test of their feelings for both. As a result, their wedding fell through. Prince Andrei went to war with Napoleon and was seriously wounded, after which he did not survive and died from a severe wound. Natasha devotedly looked after him until the end of his death.
Bolkonskaya Marya
Daughter of Prince Nikolai and sister of Andrei Bolkonsky. A very meek girl, not beautiful, but kind-hearted and very rich, like a bride. Her inspiration and devotion to religion serve as many examples of kindness and meekness. Unforgettably loves her father, who often mocked her with his ridicule, reproaches and injections. And also loves his brother, Prince Andrei. She did not immediately accept Natasha Rostova as a future daughter-in-law, because she seemed to her too frivolous for her brother Andrei. After all the hardships experienced, she marries Nikolai Rostov.
The prototype of Marya is the mother of Leo Tolstoy - Volkonskaya Maria Nikolaevna.
Bezukhovs - counts and countesses
Bezukhov Pierre (Pyotr Kirillovich)
One of the main characters who deserves close attention and the most positive assessment. This character has experienced a lot of mental trauma and pain, possessing in itself a kind and highly noble disposition. Tolstoy and the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" very often express their love and acceptance of Pierre Bezukhov as a man of very high morals, complacent and a man of a philosophical mind. Lev Nikolayevich loves his hero, Pierre, very much. As a friend of Andrei Bolkonsky, the young Count Pierre Bezukhov is very devoted and responsive. Despite the various intrigues weaving under his nose, Pierre did not become embittered and did not lose his good nature towards people. And by marrying Natalya Rostova, he finally found that grace and happiness that he so lacked in his first wife, Helen. At the end of the novel, his desire to change the political foundations in Russia can be traced, and from afar one can even guess his Decembrist moods.
Character prototypes
Most of the heroes of such a complex structure of the novel always reflect some people who one way or another met on the path of Leo Tolstoy.
The writer successfully created a whole panorama of the epic history of the events of that time and the private life of secular people. In addition, the author managed to very brightly paint the psychological traits and characters of his characters in such a way that a modern person can learn worldly wisdom from them.
Ilya Repin "Portrait of the Writer Leo Tolstoy" 1887
In order to live honestly, one must tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again and quit again, and always struggle and lose. And peace is spiritual meanness
L. N. Tols toy
Educational project
"Creation of schemes of reference positions according to the content of the novel "War and Peace"
Purpose: through the creation of supporting provisions to comprehend the multifaceted content of the epic novel "War and Peace by L. N. Tolstoy"
Consultation
How to draw up a reference position diagram
The scheme of reference positions is a technique for "collapsing" knowledge, i.e., the material is given in an extremely compressed form for stronger memorization, and then, when necessary, for playback in an "expanded" form. The scheme not only "folds" the information, but also clearly shows the sequence and logical "cohesion" of thoughts.
The basis for creating a scheme of supporting positions is the material of the plan - the main features of the characters. Through reasoning, it is necessary to determine the connections and dependencies between the persons of the work, to see in them the particular and the general, to draw conclusions about the role and significance in the ideological and thematic content of the work. These reasonings (or, as they say, "the movement of thought") are fixed in the form of a diagram.
When the reference positions are drawn up, perhaps the most crucial moment comes: their graphic (in the diagram) design, in which the main thing is to visually show the sequence and logical connections between the individual stages, and "inside" them - in the "arrangement" of the reference positions themselves .
And in this you are given complete freedom of imagination.
"War and Peace"
(1863-1869)
Conclusion "I tried to write the history of the people"
1857 - after meeting with the Decembrists, a novel about one of them was conceived
1825 - "Involuntarily, I passed from the present to 1825, the era of my hero's delusions and misfortunes"
1812 - "To understand my hero, I need to go back to his youth, which coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia"
1805 - "I was ashamed to write about our triumph, without describing the failures and our shame"
Conclusion. Enormous material has accumulated about the historical events of 1805-1856, and the idea of the novel has changed. The events of 1812 turned out to be in the center, and the Russian people became the hero of the novel.
The novel consists of 4 volumes, 17 parts, 361 chapters. It has over 500 heroes.
Exercise
Why did Tolstoy come up with the idea for the work precisely in 1856?
Why exactly in the 60s L. N. Tolstoy takes on a work in which he wants to comprehend the laws of human life? Perhaps the words of the writer taken from the epilogue of "War and Peace" will help you in answering this question: "The movement of peoples is produced not by power, not by mental activity, not even by a combination of both, as historians thought..."
The meaning of the name
Exercise
Compare interpretations of the meaning of the title of the work. Which one do you find the most convincing? Answer this question now and when you have finished studying the novel, and then compare your opinions.
E. E. Zaidenshnur: “One of the concepts of the word “world” is all people, the whole world, all the people. It can be assumed that, giving the name to the work, the main character of which is the people, Tolstoy did not mean “world” - as opposition to war, but put into it the concept of the common life of all people, the whole people ... The title "War and Peace", that is, "War and the People", is more in line with the main idea of the novel, since Tolstoy's task was to show the great role of the people in the liberation war, and not at all to compare military and civilian life.
S. A. Bocharov: "The world turns out to be not only a theme, but it unfolds as a multi-valued artistic idea of such completeness and capacity that cannot be conveyed in another language"
One of the researchers says that the word "world" has many meanings and at least three of its meanings are used in the novel: "in the world" - that is, in everyday, ordinary, peaceful life; "in the world" - in the whole world, that is, in the whole world; "peace" - a community, all the people.
Consultation
"War and Peace" is a voluminous, multifaceted, complex work. Few manage to read all four of his volumes at once; most often they read intermittently... But Tolstoy's thought develops in a complex dialectical unity of the whole and the particular. How to cover the general content and not "get confused" in private, but so important for the whole episodes and scenes?
We offer two options for reading-observation for the subsequent study of the work
First option - annotated record of content (volume by volume, chapter by chapter)
For example, the main events of Volume I
|
Image of high society |
Rostov family |
The Bolkonsky family, St. Petersburg, Bald Mountains |
Pierre Bezukhov, Petersburg, Moscow |
War 1805-1807 Austria |
|
Petersburg. Salon of Anna Scherer, her guests: Prince Vasily Kuragin, his children: Anatole and Ippolit; Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya with her son. Arrogance, indifference. The struggle for the will of Count Bezukhov. Pierre's marriage to Helene. Courtship of Anatole to Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. |
Birthday of daughter and mother. Hospitality, hospitality, openness Happiness, freedom of children in the family. Nikolai, Sonya and Natasha. Count Ilya Rostov. The Countess helps her friend A. M. Drubetskaya. |
Old Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. Upbringing and education of children. "Prince Andrei knew everything, read everything, had an idea about everything" Views of the book. Andrew on Napoleon. Why does Prince Andrei go to war? |
Naturalness, sincerity Pierre, out of place in the salon A. Scherer Admiration, admiration for Prince Andrei. Revelry and drinking in the company of rake, Pierre's lack of will. Pierre is a rich heir (40,000 souls). Changes in attitudes towards him in society. Pierre "under the guidance" of Prince Vasily - marriage to Helen. |
Review at Branau, lack of coordination in allied actions. Shengraben battle. Captain Tushin's battery. The first battle of Nikolai Rostov, his love for Tsar Alexander I. |
Materials for 10th grade students for compiling a table for a lesson on the topic "The spiritual quest of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov." The table should have four columns: the main period (it is named and marked with a Roman numeral), a description of the actions of Andrei Bolkonsky at that time (marked "AB") and Pierre Bezukhov (marked "PB"). The fourth column of the table contains brief quotations, examples of episodes illustrating the corresponding points in the table (you should look for them in the indicated chapters).
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Are common
periods
Bolkonsky's life path. "Road of Honor"
Pierre Bezukhov. "... see what a kind and nice fellow I am"
I. First acquaintance. Attitude towards secular society
Andrey Bolkonsky:
Evening in the salon of A. P. Scherer. Relationships with others. Why is he a "stranger" here? (vol. 1. part 1. ch. III-IV)
Pierre Bezukhov:
Origin. Evening at A.P. She.rer. Attitude to surroundings. Where did you come from? How does he behave? (vol. 1. part 1. ch. II-V)
Portrait. Speech. Behavior. Comparison with other heroes
II. Life mistakes - erroneous dreams and actions - crisis:
AB:
Service in the army, in the headquarters of Kutuzov. Attitude towards officers and officers towards him. A secret dream of a feat (vol. 1. part 1. ch. III, XII).
Shengraben. Why does Prince Andrei go to Bagration's army? The purpose of the Battle of Shengraben. Episode on the Tushin battery.
Military council after the battle. An honest act of Prince Andrei. The feeling that "all this is not right" (vol. 1. part 2. ch. XXI).
Austerlitz. The feat of Prince Andrei. Wound. Meeting with an idol, Napoleon. Feeling the insignificance of what is happening (vol. 1. part 3. ch. XVI--XIX)
PB:
Revelry in the company of Anatol Kuragin. History with the quarter. The struggle with oneself, with one's own conflicting impulses (vol. 1, part 1, ch. VI, part 3, ch.
Marriage to Helen Kuragina. Awareness of the madness of this step. Gradual conflict with the secular environment (vol. 2. part 2. ch. I)
Portrait. Speech. Behavior.
III. spiritual crisis
AB:
Return after injury. Death of a wife. Disappointment in ambitious dreams. The desire to move away from society, limiting himself to family problems (raising a son) (vol. 2. part 2. ch. XI).
PB:
spiritual crisis.
At the crossroads
IV. Gradual awakening from the moral crisis and the desire to be useful to the Fatherland.
AB:
New disappointment, crisis
Progressive transformations in the estates (vol. 2, part 3, ch. I).
Visit to Otradnoye on guardianship matters. Meeting with oak. Conversation with Pierre on the ferry (vol. 2 h. 3. ch. I--III).
Participation in the legislative activities of Speransky and disappointment in it (vol. 2. part 3. ch. IV-VI, XVIII).
Love for Natasha and break with her
PB:
Gradual "awakening" from the crisis.
Striving for moral perfection; passion for Freemasonry. An attempt to reorganize the activities of Masonic lodges (vol. 2 h. 2 ch. III, XI, XII, vol. 2 h. 3 ch. VII).
An attempt to benefit the peasants; transformations in the countryside (vol. 2. part 2. ch. X).
Disappointment in both public and personal endeavors (vol. 2. part 5. ch. I)
V. Prince Andrei during the war of 1812. Rapprochement with the people, the rejection of ambitious dreams.
Pierre and the War of 1812.
AB:
Refusal to serve at headquarters. Relations with officers (vol. 3. part 1. ch. XI; part 2. ch. V, XXV).
The attitude of the soldiers towards Prince Andrei. This is evidenced by the fact that he was called "our prince". How does Andrei talk about the defense of Smolensk? His thoughts on the French invaders. Participation in the Battle of Borodino, wound (vol. 3. part 2. ch. IV--V, XIX--XXXVI)
PB:
Pierre and the War of 1812. On the Borodino field. Mound Raevsky - observation of the fighters. Why is Pierre called "our master"? The role of Borodin in the life of Pierre.
The thought of killing Napoleon. Life in abandoned Moscow (vol. 3, part 1, chapter XXII; part 2, chapter XX, XXXI--XXXII; part 3, chapter IX, XXVII, XXXIII--XXXV)
VI. The last moments of the life and death of Andrei Bolkonsky. The further fate of Pierre Bezukhov
AB:
Meeting with Anatole Kuragin in the hospital - forgiveness. Meeting with Natasha - forgiveness.
Death. Andrei's internal state before his death (vol. 3. part 2. ch. XXXVII; vol. 3. part 3. ch. XXX--XXXII)
PB:
The role of captivity in the fate of Pierre. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev (vol. 4. part 1. ch. X-XIII)
Dialogue, internal monologue, portrait, comparison with other prisoners
VII. After the war with Napoleon. (Epilogue).
AB:
The son of Andrei Bolkonsky is Nikolenka. A conversation with Pierre, in which there is a suggestion that Andrei would become a member of a secret society. Epilogue. part 1. ch. XIII
PB:
The role of the family in Pierre's life. Love for Natasha and Natasha's love. Participation in secret societies. Epilogue. part 1 ch. v.
