Presentation on the topic "serfdom". Serfdom in Russia Basic provisions of the peasant reform
Abolition of serfdom Teacher of history and social studies, school No. 334 of St. Petersburg Vagu Maria Viktorovna
Reasons for the abolition of serfdom
Why is the reform of February 19, 1961 called the Great? The quill pen with which Alexander II signed the Manifesto on the Abolition of Serfdom in Russia “I want to be left alone with my conscience.” The Emperor asked everyone to leave the office. On the table in front of him lay a document that was supposed to turn the entire Russian history upside down - the Law on the Liberation of Peasants. They had been waiting for him for many years, the best people of the state fought for him. The law not only eliminated the shame of Russia - serfdom, but also gave hope for the triumph of goodness and justice. Such a step for a monarch is a difficult test, for which he has been preparing all his life, from year to year, since childhood...
“The existing ownership order cannot remain unchanged. It is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for the time when it begins to be abolished from below by itself.” Alexander II Regulations on peasants who emerged from serfdom What did Alexander II hint at?
Amount of land from peasants before the reform Land was cut off from peasants after the reform Landlessness of the peasantry 15 non-chernozem provinces 21 black soil provinces 45500 1437 (9.9%) 14619 3825 (26.2%)
Cartoon of peasant reform Why was the cartoon of peasant reform banned by censorship? “I, gentlemen, especially love you, because I myself am the landowner of your province, and I am the first nobleman in the state...” From the speeches of His Imperial Majesty
Hidden premium for the peasants' redemption of their identity. The value of land according to sales in 1854-1858. Chernozem provinces Non-chernozem provinces Redemption payments under the reform of 1861
Regulations of February 19, 1861 on peasants Serfdom for peasants established on landowners' estates and for domestic servants is abolished forever, in the manner specified in these Regulations and in other Regulations published together with these Regulations in the Rules.
The landowners, while retaining ownership rights to all the lands belonging to them, provide for the established duties for the permanent use of the peasants their estate settlement and, moreover, to provide them with a living and to fulfill their duties to the government and the landowner, the amount of field land and other land that is determined based on those specified in local Regulations. "..." Regulations of February 19, 1861 on peasants
Landowners, having allocated land to the peasants for permanent use for established duties, on the basis of local regulations, are not obliged in the future in any case to allocate them with any additional amount of land. Regulations of February 19, 1861 on peasants
Why was the path of adapting old farms to new social conditions considered the path of slow death of rotting parts, difficult and painful for the people? A total of 43 provinces of European Russia
“The transition from a serfdom to a temporarily obliged state (i.e., into a whirlpool) In the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'” there is the following assessment of the reform of 1861: “...The great chain has broken up. It fell apart and hit. One end is for the master, the other is for the peasant.” Explain these words
Solve the word encrypted in the rebus and continue the phrase according to its meaning? , И 1,2=Ф For the correct answer - 3 points
Answer: “Manifesto on the liberation of landowner peasants from serfdom”
Solve the word encrypted in the rebus and continue the phrase according to the meaning of the software. For the correct answer - 3 points
Answer: “Regulations on peasants emerging from serfdom”
Historical quiz Question 1: Which work convinced Alexander II of the need to abolish serfdom? For the correct answer - 1 point
Historical quiz Question 2: What nickname did Alexander II receive among the people? For the correct answer - 1 point
Historical quiz Question 3 Where and before whom did Alexander II personally read the Manifesto? : For the correct answer - 1 point In the Mikhailovsky Manege
Question 4 Who was Leo Tolstoy during the reform period? Historical quiz For the correct answer - 1 point
Historical quiz Question 6 Name the author of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” which characterizes the period of the abolition of serfdom in Russia? 1 point for correct answer
Problem Before the abolition of serfdom, the peasant paid the landowner a quitrent equal to 12 rubles. What will be the ransom amount? For the correct answer - 3 points
Carrying out calculations After the peasant was released, the landowner stopped receiving quitrent. 12 rubles x 100% For the purchased land, the peasant must pay so much that by putting it in the bank at 6% per annum, the landowner would annually receive a profit equal to the amount X (the amount of quitrent that the peasant paid before the reform). X = 6% At that time, money could be placed in a bank at 6% per annum. : 6% = 200 rubles
Evaluation criteria: 15 points – “5” 12 – 14 points – “4” 8 – 11 points – “3” 7 or less points – “2”
Sources used http://festival.1september.ru/articles/512440/ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%F0%E5%F1%F2%FC%FF%ED%F1%EA%E0 %FF_%F0%E5%F4%EE%F0%EC%E0_%E2_%D0%EE%F1%F1%E8%E8 http://www.home-edu.ru/user/uatml/00000754/histbibil/ ist_otech/kreppravo.htm
Gg. reign of Alexander II reign of Alexander II
Reasons for the abolition of serfdom Military-technical backwardness of Russia, as shown by the Crimean War () Crisis of the feudal-serf economic system Growth of peasant uprisings. The possibility of a new “Pugachevism” in Russia
Main Committee (Secret Committee) Editorial commissions (under the Committee) Development of a project on the abolition of serfdom (“Regulations on Peasants”) Development of a project on the abolition of serfdom (“Regulations on Peasants”)
SOLUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SIDE OF THE PEASANT QUESTION ALLOCATION OF ALLOTMENTS TO PEASANTS WITH THE RIGHTS OF USERS OF LAND (from 3 to 12 dessiatines) ALL ESTATE LAND IS THE PROPERTY OF THE FEUDAL ESTABLISHING THE NORM OF PEASANT ALLOTMENTS DEPENDING ON NATURAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS LOVIY RECEIPT OF LAND BY PEASANTS FOR PURCHASE (COST IS HIGHER THAN MARKET PRICES)
REDEMPTION AMOUNT % PAYS TO THE LANDLORD BY THE PEASANT % PAYS THE LANDSCAPE BY THE STATE. This debt + 6% per annum falls on the peasant community (for 49 years)
Statutory charters - agreements between the landowner and the peasant, establishing the size of land plots, quitrents and corvee (signing period - 2 years) Sections - “surplus” land (more than 12 acres) of better quality, which were “cut off” by the landowners from the peasant land plot. The temporarily obligated state of peasants is characterized by the fulfillment of feudal duties (corvée and quitrent) for the use of land before its redemption (abolished in 1881). 1907 - abolition of redemption payments. Peace mediator - an official from the nobility, appointed to approve charter documents and resolve disputes between peasants and landowners
The meaning and consequences of the peasant reform of 1861. The penetration of capitalist relations into agriculture. The dissatisfaction of the peasants with the conditions of “freedom”. Surge of peasant uprisings Formation of a free labor market and a bourgeoisie from the peasantry DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY Conservation of feudal serfdom
RESULTS The reform of 1861 abolished serfdom. The reform of 1861 abolished serfdom. The peasants became free people. The peasants became free people. The reform preserved the remnants of serfdom in the village - landownership, quitrent, corvee. The reform preserved the remnants of serfdom in the village - landownership, quitrent, corvee. The peasants did not receive the land as full ownership The peasants did not receive the land as full ownership
Presentation on the topic "Abolition of serfdom" on history in powerpoint format. This presentation for 8th grade students talks about the reasons, main provisions, shortcomings and significance of the reform of the abolition of serfdom in Russia. Author of the presentation: history teacher, Rustam Galiakhmetovich Bikmukhametov.
Fragments from the presentation
Reasons for the abolition of serfdom.
- The crisis of the feudal-serf economic system.
- reduction in bread exports;
- growth of peasant duties;
- 50% of the nobles had less than 20 serfs.
- The growth of peasant uprisings, the possibility of a new “Pugachevism.”
- The military and economic backwardness of Russia, as shown by the Crimean War.
- Serfdom, too similar to slavery, was immoral.
Adhering in 1857-58 to the “Bestsee version” of landless emancipation of peasants, at the end of 1858 he agreed to the purchase of allotment land by peasants into ownership, that is, to a reform program developed by liberals, together with like-minded people from among public figures (N. A. Milyutin , Ya. I. Rostovtsev, Yu. F. Samarin, V. A. Cherkassky; Grand Duke Elena Pavlovna, etc.).
The main provisions of the peasant reform.
- Peasants received personal freedom.
- The peasants had to buy the land from the landowner, pay 20% immediately, and pay 80% to the state over 49 years at 6% (redemption payments).
- For 9 years until 1870, a peasant could not give up his land allotment and leave the community (temporarily obligated peasants).
- Peasants who owned more land had to return the surplus to the landowner
- (segments).
- the land was purchased by the peasant community; leaving the community with the land was prohibited.
Disadvantages of the reform.
- Landownership was preserved.
- the community has been preserved.
- high redemption payments.
- the peasantry remained the most powerless class.
- peasants' land shortage.
Problem:
On the one hand, the abolition of serfdom removed the main obstacle to the modernization of Russia, but on the other hand, the conditions of liberation caused sharp discontent among the peasants and a significant part of the educated society of Russia
The peasants expected complete freedom and were dissatisfied with the transitional state of the “temporarily obliged”. In some places there were unrest, because the peasants thought that the gentlemen had hidden the real royal will and were offering them some kind of false one. In the village The abyss of the Kazan province reached the point that troops fired into a crowd of peasants, and there were over 100 people killed and wounded. The news of the Bezdnaya pacification made a depressing impression on society and caused a number of anti-government demonstrations. The poorest and middle peasant farms did not have the opportunity to purchase new agricultural implements or carry out any agrotechnical measures. The main tool in peasant farming remained the plow. In the late 80s - early 90s, the rural bourgeoisie owned in various provinces of Russia from 34 to 50% of all peasant land and from 38 to 62% of working livestock, and the rural poor (about 50% of all peasant households) - only from 18 up to 32% of land and from 10 to 30% of draft animals.
