Presentation of the golden age of Russian literature of the 19th century. "golden age" of Russian literature
Description of the presentation GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE Completed by: Ovchinnikova D. Group: on slides
GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE Completed by: Ovchinnikova D. Group: 3 L / D
The 19th century is called the "Golden Age" of Russian poetry and the age of Russian literature on a global scale. It should not be forgotten that the literary leap that took place in the 19th century was prepared by the entire course of the literary process of the 17th and 18th centuries. The 19th century is the time of the formation of the Russian literary language, which took shape largely thanks to A.S. Pushkin.
PUSHKIN Alexander Sergeevich (1799 - 1837), poet, prose writer, playwright, publicist, critic, founder of new Russian literature, creator of the Russian literary language. Brought up by French tutors, he learned from home teaching only an excellent knowledge of French and a love of reading. As a child, Pushkin got acquainted with Russian poetry from Lomonosov to Zhukovsky, with the comedies of Moliere and Beaumarchais, the works of Voltaire and other educators of the 18th century.
Alexander Pushkin began his ascent to the literary Olympus with the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" in 1920. And his novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" was called an encyclopedia of Russian life. The romantic poems of Alexander Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), "Bakhchisarai Fountain", "Gypsies" opened the era of Russian romanticism. Many poets and writers considered A.S. Pushkin as their teacher and continued the tradition of creating literary works laid down by him. One of these poets was M. Yu. Lermontov. Famous for his romantic poem "Mtsyri", the poetic story "The Demon", many romantic poems. It is interesting that Russian poetry of the 19th century was closely connected with the social and political life of the country.
NV Gogol Along with poetry, prose began to develop. The prose writers of the beginning of the century were influenced by W. Scott's English historical novels, the translations of which were very popular. The development of Russian prose in the 19th century began with the prose works of A.S. Pushkin and N.V. Gogol. Pushkin, under the influence of English historical novels, creates the story "The Captain's Daughter", where the action unfolds against the backdrop of grandiose historical events: during the Pugachev rebellion. A.S. Pushkin did a colossal work exploring this historical period. This work was largely political in nature and was directed to those in power.
Since the middle of the 19th century, the formation of Russian realistic literature has been taking place, which is created against the background of the tense socio-political situation that developed in Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. A crisis of the serf system is brewing, the contradictions between the government and the common people are strong. There is a need to create a realistic literature that sharply reacts to the socio-political situation in the country.
Writers turn to the socio-political problems of Russian reality. The genre of the realistic novel is developing. I.S.Turgenev, F.M.Dostoevsky, L.N.Tolstoy, I.A.Goncharov create their works. Socio-political and philosophical issues prevail. Literature is distinguished by a special psychologism.
A. P. Chekhov M. Gorky The literary process of the late 19th century discovered the names of N. S. Leskov, A. N. Ostrovsky A. P. Chekhov. The latter proved to be a master of the small literary genre - the story, as well as an excellent playwright. A.P. Chekhov's competitor was Maxim Gorky.
The end of the 19th century was marked by the formation of pre-revolutionary sentiments. The realistic tradition was beginning to fade. It was replaced by the so-called decadent literature, the distinctive features of which were mysticism, religiosity, as well as a presentiment of changes in the socio-political life of the country. Subsequently, decadence developed into symbolism. This opens a new page in the history of Russian literature.
A.S. Pushkin D.V. Davydov A.A. Delvig K.N. Batyushkov K.F. Ryleev E.A. Baratynsky V.A. Zhukovsky
The great poet, speaking about himself, about his I, speaks about the general - about humanity, for in his nature lies everything that humanity lives with. And that is why in his sadness everyone recognizes his own sadness, in his soul everyone recognizes his own and sees in him not only a poet, but also a person ... VG Belinsky
KN Batyushkov - the immediate predecessor of A.S. Pushkin, the poet of early Russian romanticism ("pre-romantic"). Combining the literary discoveries of classicism and sentimentalism, he was one of the founders of the new, "modern" Russian poetry.
Poetry Batyushkov plunges us into the depths of individual consciousness. The subject of her image is the mental life of a person - not as a "small" part of the big world, but as the absolute value of external, universal life. Batyushkov, a poet of unique talent, created his own artistic world, in the center of which is the image of the AUTHOR with his romantic dream and striving for the ideal (“A dream in the world glows And from evil sadness Dream is a shield for us”) and the real world of earthly joys (“I know how to enjoy, Like a child to play with everyone, And happy "), with a world of light feelings (" Only friendship promises me a wreath of immortality ") and emotional grief (" Sad experience has opened a new desert for the eyes "). The life of a poet should not contradict the spirit of his poetry, life and work are inseparable: Live as you write, and write as you live ... Happy is he who writes because he feels ...
KN Batyushkov was born on May 18 (29), 1787 in Vologda into an old noble family. Childhood years were spent in the family estate - the village of Danilovskoye, Tver province. From the age of 10 he studied in St. Petersburg in private foreign boarding schools, spoke many foreign languages. From 1802 he lived in St. Petersburg in the house of his uncle M.N. Muraviev, curator of Moscow University, writer and educator, who played a decisive role in the formation of the poet's personality and talent. Here Batiushkov studied philosophy, the literature of the French enlightenment, ancient poetry, and the literature of the Italian Renaissance.
Since 1805, KN Batyushkov's poems have appeared in print: "Message to my poems", "To Chloe", "To Phyllis", epigrams - he writes poems mainly of a satirical orientation.
in 1810 - 1812 Dramaticheskiy Vestnik actively cooperates with the magazine. Coming closer to N.M. Karamzin, V.L. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, P.A. Vyazemsky, others and writers. From that time on, I devoted myself entirely to literary creation. dedicates
In the poems of the first period of KN Batyushkov's literary activity, anacreontic and epicurean motives prevail: enjoyment of earthly life, praise of love and friendship, simple human joys, ingenuous, deliberately naive human desires: ... I will give friendship one hour, Bacchus an hour and another sleep; I'll share the rest, my friend, with you! Batyushkov affirms the poet's inner freedom, his creative independence ("My Penates").
KN Batyushkov took part in the Russian campaign against Napoleon in the campaign to Prussia (1807) - he was seriously wounded near Heilsberg, evacuated to Riga, then to Petersburg; in the war with Sweden (1808); in 1813 - 1814 in the overseas campaign of the Russian army. Batyushkov is a witness to the terrible fire of Moscow in 1812.
In 1812, Batyushkov was retired, but decided to enter military service again: "I ... firmly decided to go to the army, where the duty calls, and reason, and heart, heart, deprived of peace by the terrible incidents of our time" (From a letter to P A. Vyazemsky) The theme of the Patriotic War is included in the poetry of K. N. Batyushkov as a live response to what he saw: My friend! I saw the sea of \u200b\u200bevil And the sky of vengeful punishment: Enemies of frantic deeds, War and disastrous fires ... Wandered in devastated Moscow, Among the ruins and graves ... "To Dashkov"
In a time of general national calamity, poetry cannot sing the joy of life, its purpose is differently - to tell about these calamities and sufferings. The poet cannot remain aloof from the events influencing the fate of the country: No, no! My talent perish And lyre, friendship is precious, When you will be me zabvenna, Moscow, the land of gold of the fatherland! "To Dashkov"
The impressions of the war with Napoleon formed the content of many poems by K. N. Batyushkov: the message "To Dashkov", "The Prisoner", "The Fate of Odysseus", "Crossing the Rhine", the elegy "Passage of Russian troops across the Niemen", "The Shadow of a Friend", etc. K.N.Batyushkov created examples of civil poetry, in which patriotism was combined with deep individual feelings of the author:
... While on the field of honor For the ancient city of my fathers I will not bear the sacrifice of revenge And life and love for the homeland, Until with a wounded hero, Who knows the path to glory, Three times I will not put my chest Before the enemy in a close formation - My friend, until then they will be me All are alien to muses and charity, Wreaths, by the hand of love of the retinue, And noisy joy in wine! "To Dashkov"
In 1814 - 1817 Batyushkov travels a lot, rarely stays in one place for a long time. During these years he experienced a severe spiritual crisis associated with disillusionment with educational philosophy; failures in service, failures and disappointments in personal life also affected. Religious and philosophical moods, motives of tragic love, eternal discord between the artist and the creator and reality appear in his work; poetry is painted in sad tones: "My genius", "Parting", "To a friend", "Awakening", "Tavrida" ... Anna Fyodorovna Furman
Tell me, young sage, what is firm on earth? Where is the constant happiness of life? ... So everything here is vain in the abode of vanities! Friendliness and friendship are fragile! But where, tell me, my friend, is the direct light shining? What is eternally pure, immaculate? ... So my mind perished in the midst of doubts. All the delights in life were hidden: My genius extinguished the lamp in sorrow, And the bright muses hid ... My whole path is illuminated to the grave like the sun: I walk with a reliable foot And, from the robe of a wanderer, overthrowing dust and decay, I fly into a better world with my spirit. "To a friend" The earthly world does not promise happiness, everything beautiful perishes in it: love, friendship ...
Phalagova Svetlana, Vasilkovskaya Alexandra, Bogdanova Ekaterina, pupils of the 8th grade GBOU Secondary School No. 262 St. Petersburg
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XIX century - The Golden Age of Russian Literature. WORKED ON THE PROJECT Pupils of the 8th grade: Phalagova Svetlana Vasilkovskaya Alexandra Bogdanova Ekaterina Supervisor: Brichenko L.V.
The story of NM Karamzin "Martha the Posadnitsa or the Conquest of Novgorod". The most striking example of the combination of literary work and the activity of a historian was the work of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, the creator of the "History of the Russian State". In the story "Martha Posadnitsa, or the Conquest of Novgorod" (1803), he compares the republican (embodied in the history of Novgorod) and autocratic ("Moscow") traditions of Russian history
The emergence of romanticism in Russian literature is associated with names. VC. Kuchelbecker A.I. Odoevsky K.F. Ryleev V.A. Zhukovsky
At the beginning of their creative work, romantic works were created by our great poets. A.S. Pushkin M.Yu. Lermontov
Historical drama "Boris Godunov" "Dubrovsky" "Belkin's Tale" "The Captain's Daughter" "The Bronze Horseman"
Roman M.Yu. Lermontova M. Yu. Lermontov Novel "Hero of Our Time"
The founder of the "natural school" N.V. Gogol. The natural school is a conventional name for the initial stage in the development of critical realism in Russian literature in the 1840s, which arose under the influence of the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.
The brilliant works of N.V. Gogol Story "Overcoat" Comedy "Inspector General" Poem "Dead Souls"
The works of F.M.Dostoevsky. “We all left Gogol's Overcoat,” noted Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky later.
The Realistic World of the Russian Merchants The new, unfamiliar and realistic world of the Russian merchants was revealed to the reader and the viewer in his first drama "Our People - Let Us Numbered" (1849) Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky.
The work of the young Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky Moscow Commercial Court
Genuine literary event The publication of "Notes of a Hunter" (1847 - 1852) Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, who described not only the nature of the Central Russian strip, but also the serfs, to whom he treated with sincere sympathy and warmth.
The hopeless poverty and downtroddenness of the common people were portrayed in the stories of D.V. Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich Grigorovich "Village" "Anton the Wretched"
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4. Literature of the peoples of Russia Due to the high ideological saturation and deep nationality, advanced Russian culture exerted a powerful revolutionary influence on the cultural development of other peoples of Russia. It was primarily experienced by those peoples who have long been united with the Russian people in one state and developed with it within the framework of a common economic system. At the same time, the unity of revolutionary aspirations and joint participation in the liberation movement largely contributed to the strengthening of cultural ties between the peoples of Russia. Introduction to advanced Russian culture inspired and morally supported the progressive national intelligentsia. Russian classical literature was for national writers and poets a treasure trove of ideas and images, a school of artistic realism, an example of selfless service to the people.
5. Conclusion None of the previous periods of Russian history has known such a rapid flowering of culture as the 19th century, which began with the work of the genius Pushkin. The phenomenal rise of the spiritual culture of Russia meant the achievement of the highest peaks in literature, music, painting, history and philosophy. This allows us to call the 19th century the “golden age” of Russian culture, which has acquired worldwide significance. XIX century. was the time of the final formation of the Russian national culture and the Russian nation as a community of people, taking shape in the process of development of capitalist relations. Russia entered the world cultural community with an undeniable advantage of its own national culture.
The Golden Age of Russian Poetry At the beginning of the 19th century, both classicism and sentimentalism coexist on equal terms in Russian poetry. But on the wave of the national - patriotic upsurge caused by the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian romanticism was born, and then realism. romanticismrealism
Great start. At the origins of Russian romanticism was V.A. Zhukovsky. He wrote elegies, messages, songs, ballads, ballads. According to Belinsky, he "enriched Russian poetry with a deeply moral, truly human content." Pushkin Pushkin considered himself a student of Zhukovsky, highly appreciated "his poems captivating sweetness."
Civil passion. VC. Kuchelbecker Russian Decembrist poet, critic, translator. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where his friendship began with A.S. Pushkin, A.A. Delvig. Küchelbecker's romantic poetry celebrated freedom. The poet was worried about the fate of the Fatherland.
To F. Ryleev KF Ryleev, the most prominent poet - KF Ryleev, the most prominent poet - Decembrist, wrote accusatory Decembrist, wrote accusatory and civil odes, political and civil odes, political elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. He saw poetry as a means of fighting for political freedom. The Decembrists started talking about the national character of literature, put forward the demand for nationality, extending it to themes, genres, and language.
The stars of the galaxy. A.A. Delvig The heroes of his songs are simple fellows and girls who suffer by will and happy love. NM Yazykov expressed protest of free youth in elegies, songs, hymns. He glorified the heroic scope of strength, the enjoyment of youth and health.
P.A. Vyazemsky contributed to the fusion of civil and personal themes, explaining elegiac feelings by social reasons. E.A. Baratynsky is the largest poet of Russian romanticism, the author of elegies, messages, poems. Instead of illusions, he prefers calm and sober thinking. His poems are filled with philosophical meaning.
The power of the High Duma Lermontov M.Yu. The poetic era, the expression of which was Lermontov, according to Belinsky, is distinguished by "disbelief in life and human feelings, with thirst and excess of feelings." The lyrical hero openly confronts the hostile outside world.
Gifts of Life After Pushkin and Lermontov, original talents appear in Russian poetry - A. Pleshcheev, N. Ogarev, Ap. Grigoriev, I am Polonsky, A. Tolstoy, I. Turgenev, A. Maikov, N. Nekrasov. With their poetry, they made the transition to realism. Their poems are imbued with sympathy for the poor man. A lyrical hero often becomes a man from the nobility or commoners, who stood up to protect the people, peasants.
Genres of romanticism. Elegy - a poem of medium length, usually sad content, imbued with sadness. Elegy Ballad Ballad - a poem, which is most often based on a historical event, folk legend with a tense plot Fable Fable - a short moralizing poetic or prosaic story, to which there is an allegory, allegory.
