Eternal flame on a white background. Eternal flame
The eternal flame has long become a symbol of memory, sorrow, for those who died who did not return from that war. Each city, each regional center has its own Eternal Flame.
In provincial Taganrog, there were already four of them! Now two are on. And it was to the Eternal Flame in the city park on the 70th anniversary of Victory that people carried everything and carried flowers ...
They say that you can endlessly look at a burning fire and streaming water ... And by the way, why the Eternal Flame, and not, say, an eternal waterfall? The history of the appearance of the Eternal Flames is quite interesting ...
Myths about the origin of fire are among the most widespread, especially among backward peoples, for whom the production and use of fire is the most vivid and universal sign of the separation of man from the animal kingdom.
In the most primitive cultures, fire was the demiurge arising from the sun and its earthly representative. Therefore, it is related, on the one hand, with a ray of the sun and lightning, and on the other, with gold.
The fire of temples, the graves of unknown soldiers, torches of the Olympic Games, etc., are evidence of the eternity of the energetic basis of the Creator's essential force.
By and large, the communists should not have canonized this symbol in their coordinate system, maybe that's why the first Eternal Flame appeared in the USSR only after Stalin's death, already in 1955?
In modern history, the eternal flame was first lit in Paris at the Arc de Triomphe at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, in which the remains of a French soldier who died in the battles of the First World War were buried. The fire in the memorial appeared two years after its opening. In 1921, the French sculptor Gregoire Calvet put forward a proposal: to equip the monument with a special gas burner, which would make it possible to illuminate the tomb at night.
On November 11, 1923, at 18.00, French Minister of War André Maginot, in a solemn atmosphere, lit the flame of the memorial fire for the first time. From that day on, the fire at the memorial is lit every day at 18.30, the ceremony is attended by veterans of the Second World War.
The tradition was adopted by many states that created national and city monuments in memory of the soldiers who died in the First World War. The eternal flame in the 1930-1940s was lit in Belgium, Portugal, Romania, Czech Republic.
Note, at the same time in Soviet Russia, monuments to the fighters of the revolution are being torn off in a multitude, but nowhere is this spectacular symbol of memory used.
And after World War II, the USSR was not the first ... On May 8, 1946, the eternal flame was lit in Warsaw on Marshal Jozef Piłsudski Square. The honor to conduct this ceremony was given to the divisional general, the mayor of Warsaw, Marian Spychalski. A guard of honor from the Representative Battalion of the Polish Army was posted near the memorial.
The eternal flame in memory of those killed in World War II was lit in many countries in Europe, Asia, as well as in Canada and the United States.
And only in October 1957 in Leningrad on the Field of Mars near the monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution" the first Eternal Flame was lit.
But, I must say that even earlier, in May 1955, the Eternal Flame was lit in the village. Pervomaisky, Shchyokinsky district, Tula region. True, they lit it only a few times a year ...
The eternal flame was illuminated at night with two large searchlights. The improvement of the memorial took place in 1955, at the same time the eternal flame was lit. The mass grave was assigned to the Shchekino gas plant, and the maintenance of the "eternal flame" - to the Shchekino line-production-dispatch station - now the management of main gas pipelines.
In the 90s, the fire was disconnected from the main gas pipeline in accordance with federal law. Since then, it has been ignited on the May holidays with the help of liquefied gas.
But, in 2013, the fire was lit on an ongoing basis. Nevertheless, on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Victory, it had to be paid off for the sake of a beautiful PR campaign by Russian motorcyclists Alexander Zaldostanov. Bikers organized a large-scale event "Eternal Flame Relay". They traveled with a torch lit by the Moscow Eternal Flame through the cities and villages of Russia, and lit local "fires" from the torch.
We also planned to come to Taganrog. The administration requested 300 thousand rubles for the meeting of the bikers. But, something did not grow together. Yaba said it carried ...
But let's go back to the time of the appearance of the first memorials "Eternal Flame" ...
On February 22, 1958, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Soviet Army and Navy, an eternal flame was lit on the Malakhov Kurgan in Sevastopol.
And after 9 years there was a breakthrough:
On May 8, 1967, 5 months after the opening of the memorial itself, a fire was lit at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden in Moscow. The torch with fire was delivered from Leningrad in just one day on the relay. At Manezhnaya Square, the famous pilot, Hero of the USSR Alexei Maresyev took the valuable cargo, and the ceremony itself was conducted by the General Secretary of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev.
The torch and the unique torch of the eternal flame in the Aleksandrovsky Garden were made according to the project of the Mosgazniiproekt Institute for a special order at the famous S.P. Korolev (now - OJSC RSC Energia named after SP Korolev).
After that, the triumphal procession of the Eternal Flame began through the cities and villages of our country. It seems that there is not a single settlement left that is not covered by the latest canonical symbol.
In Taganrog, the first Eternal Flame lit up in 1965, on the anniversary of the 20th anniversary of victory, at the burial of Red Army soldiers in the city cemetery. Several thousand soldiers are buried here ...
I must say that most of those buried are servicemen who died in hospitals during the German occupation. Which, however, in no way diminishes our gratitude to the soldiers who died for the Victory.
The picture was taken today, the fire is off. But, perhaps, it was lit on Victory Day. Could have forked out for three days. But, apparently, our Gaspros is very poor, he cannot afford it ...
Once upon a time, bronze figures of a soldier and a traffic controller stood to the right and left of the Eternal Flame. I remember them well, but they disappeared in the early 90s. His Majesty Tsvetmet, yes ... (
In 1973, a fire broke out in the Taganrog city park. And here I must say about an interesting metamorphosis. If initially the fire was only an addition to the monument, part of the composition of the memorial, a kind of icon lamp in front of the image, now these lights began to be built by the conveyor method without caring about the semantic load. Fire and fire. And so everything is clear.
However, in the same Taganrog, an unnamed eternal flame burns in the immediate vicinity of the place where the Germans arranged a military cemetery for their soldiers during the occupation. However, the pedestal is made in the shape of a star ...
The kids warm their hands)
There is also the Eternal Flame near the Metallurgical Plant - it is active.
But the one that belonged to the Taganrog combine harvester, who died in the Bose, has not been burning for a long time ...
And recently, in the city of Kolchugino, Vladimir region, drunken teenagers burned a man on the Eternal Flame ...
This is how the total savagery brings us back to the times of antiquity, when the cult of fire was just emerging. It's sad.
But, thanks to the past anniversary, something is changing for the better.
And, perhaps, even in the regions, Gazprom will understand that not everything is measured in rubles, and the extinguished memory will again be illuminated by the light of a dancing fire ...
The highest degree of distinction - the title "Hero City" is awarded to the cities of the Soviet Union, whose workers showed massive heroism and courage in defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
This title was awarded to 12 cities and 1 fortress.
Hero City Moscow
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow, Russia
("Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal")
On December 3, 1966, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the defeat of German troops near Moscow, the ashes of the unknown soldier were transferred from a mass grave on the 41st kilometer of the Leningradskoe highway (at the entrance to the city of Zelenograd) and solemnly buried in the Alexander Garden. The eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was lit by the fire on the Champ de Mars on May 8, 1967
Hero City Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg)
Eternal flame on the Champ de Mars in St. Petersburg, Russia
Field of Mars is a square in the center of St. Petersburg, at different times it was called "Amusing Field", "Tsaritsyn Meadow", "Square of the Victims of the Revolution"
The memorial was created in 1917-1919, solemnly opened on November 7, 1919. Those who died in the February Revolution were the first to be buried on the Champ de Mars. Until 1933, they continued to bury Soviet and party workers.
In October 1957, the Eternal Flame was lit in the center of the memorial.
The torch for the opening of the memorial was lit by steelmaker Zhukovsky from open-hearth furnace No. 1 of the Kirovsky plant (earlier - the Putilovsky plant, Krasny Putilovets).
It was the first eternal flame in the USSR. It was he who became the source of flame for most of the military memorials opened in the cities of the USSR.
Hero City Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad)
Eternal flame at Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia
According to rough estimates, at least 34 thousand soldiers are buried on the Mamayev Kurgan.
A monument-ensemble "To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" was created on the Mamayev Kurgan. In the center of the Hall of Military Glory is a hand gripping the torch of the Eternal Flame. On the torch is inscribed: "Glory, glory, glory."
Hero City Sevastopol
Defensive tower on Malakhov Kurgan in Sevastopol, Crimea, Russia
The eternal flame on the Malakhov Kurgan in Sevastopol was lit on February 22, 1958, on the eve of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Soviet Army. The torch was delivered from Leningrad, from the Field of Mars.
Later, from the fire on the Malakhov Kurgan, eternal fires were lit on the memorials of Sapun-Gora (Sevastopol), Kerch, Odessa and Novorossiysk.
Eternal Flame on Sapun Mountain in Sevastopol, Crimea, Russia
In the vicinity of the monument, the Park of Glory was laid out
Hero City Kerch
Eternal flame on Mount Mithridates in Kerch, Crimea, Russia
The eternal flame was lit on Mithridates on May 9, 1959. The flaming torch was delivered from Sevastopol, from the Malakhov Kurgan.
Eternal flame in the Park of Glory in Kerch, Crimea, Russia
On April 10, 2008, on the anniversary of the liberation of Kerch from the Nazis, the Eternal Flame was lowered from the mountain into the Glory Square.
Hero City Novorossiysk
Eternal flame on Heroes' Square in Novorossiysk, Russia
From this place the city began to be built and developed. Since the 60s of the XIX century it has been the Trade Square, since 1926 - Primorsky Boulevard, since November 19, 1943 - Heroes' Square.
There are monuments, obelisks, a mass grave on the square.
The fire of eternal glory lit in the square in 1958
Hero City Tula
Eternal flame on Victory Square in Tula, Russia
The eternal flame is located in the center of the obelisk in the form of three bayonets. It was lit from the eternal flame at the grave of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow.
Hero City Murmansk
Eternal flame at the memorial to the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic in Murmansk, Russia
Locals affectionately call the giant statue of the complex Alyosha.
On May 9, 1975, the solemn reburial of the remains of the Unknown Soldier took place in the memorial complex and the Eternal Flame was lit, transferred to the foot of Alyosha from the monument to the 6th Heroic Battery.
Hero City Smolensk
Eternal flame in the Park of Memory of Heroes in Smolensk, Russia
Heroes who defended Smolensk during the Great Patriotic War are buried in the Park in Memory of Heroes near the fortress wall.
The eternal flame was lit on September 28, 1968, during the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the liberation of the Smolensk region from the Nazi invaders.
The fire was delivered from Moscow from the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Hero City Minsk
Eternal flame on Victory Square in Minsk, Belarus
The former name of the square is Round.
On July 3, 1961, on the day of the 17th anniversary of the liberation of the city of Minsk, Honorary Citizen of Minsk, Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel General A.S.Burdeyny lit the eternal flame.
Hero Fortress Brest
Eternal flame in the Brest Fortress, Belarus
"We stood to death. Glory to the heroes!"
The grand opening of the memorial complex "Brest Fortress-Hero" took place on September 25, 1971. The eternal flame was delivered from Leningrad, from the Field of Mars.
Hero City Kiev
Eternal flame on the territory of the National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Kiev, Ukraine
Does not burn.
Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Kiev, Ukraine
Hero City Odessa
The eternal flame in front of the monument to the Unknown Sailor in Odessa, Ukraine.
The monument is located in the Taras Shevchenko Central Park of Culture and Rest. Heroes of the defense of Odessa are buried on the Walk of Fame next to the monument.
After February 2014, there was nothing sacred in Ukraine except fascism.
The eternal flame perpetuates the memory of our compatriots, of our fathers and grandfathers who died in the difficult days of the Great Patriotic War. Even a small image of fire on a piece of paper evokes a sense of pride and patriotism in the current generation. Let's do our bit and draw the Eternal Flame.
Preparing to draw the Eternal Flame
We will draw with pencils. A simple pencil is enough, but experimenting with different degrees of hardness can achieve a better result. In an art store or in stationery, we buy pencils marked M, TM and T. For convenience, you can use a mechanical pencil with a retractable lead. You will also need a small ruler, eraser, and sharpener. Pay special attention to the eraser so that there are no streaks from the lead. We form the correct shape of the pencil tip, erasing the excess on thick paper. When everything is purchased and ready, we proceed directly to sketching.
How to draw the Eternal Flame - base
We start with a small oval in about the center of the sheet. This will be the middle of the Eternal Flame. From it, draw lines in different directions to form the edges of the star. You can use a ruler and copy the length of the rays from the picture.
How to draw the Eternal Flame - edges and volume
- In addition to the upper edges of the star, we finish the lower ones and add an addition to the design of the oval in the form of wavy lines under it.
- We connect the ends of the lines drawn earlier with straight lines and we get a five-pointed star. We're almost done.
- It remains to make the star even more voluminous. Add realism with the support edges and two slightly smaller ovals in the middle.
How to Draw the Eternal Flame - More Details
- Draw a flame using abstract lines and strokes. We give free rein to our imagination, there are no specific recommendations. You can indicate the direction of the wind by tilting the flame in the desired direction.
- Show the surface on which the star is located according to your taste. In this case, this is a minimalistic image of a tile.
So that is all! We have got a fairly simple and at the same time cute drawing of the Eternal Flame. If you wish, you can supplement it, make it more colorful and more colorful. It remains only to deservedly get an A for him at school, give it to grandfather for a holiday, or simply hang it on the wall in the room. Let us remind you of the eternal.
The eternal flame symbolizes the courage and bravery of the soldiers who gave their lives for a brave cause. When the German fascist invaders violated the non-aggression pact and treacherously invaded the territory of the Soviet Union, everyone, young and old, did their best to contribute to the Great Victory. Most of the boys and girls volunteered to go to the front to beat the enemy, those who did not go to the front stood behind the machines, making shells and tanks for the Soviet army, these workers were mainly children.
The first days and months of the war were very difficult and tense. With incredible courage and courage, the Soviet people defended their great homeland. In the Belarusian forests, volunteer partisan detachments were organized, which, by their actions, tried to disrupt Adolf Hitler's lightning-fast plan to seize the Soviet Union.
Opening of the first Eternal Flame of Glory
One of the first monuments to soldiers who fell in battle was opened back in 1921. The memorial complex was built under the Arc de Triomphe in the French capital - Paris.
In the collapsed Soviet Union, in Moscow, in honor of the celebration of the Great Victory in 1955, the Eternal Flame was solemnly lit at the monument. However, it is difficult to call it "eternal", since it was lit periodically, only a few times a year:
- to celebrate Victory Day;
- on the Day of the Armed Forces and the Navy, later, since 2013, on the Defender of the Fatherland Day;
- on the Liberation Day of Shchekino.
A truly Eternal Flame is considered to be the fire in St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), which was lit on November 6, 1957 on the Field of Mars.
Today, there are only three such memorial complexes in the capital. The first Eternal Flame was lit on February 9, 1961. Over time, the gas pipeline supplying gas worn out, and, starting in 2004, it was temporarily shut down for the duration of the repair work, and by 2010 it was re-lit.
Monuments and memorial complexes, built in the 50-60s of the twentieth century, have pretty much worn out by now. Gas pipes leading to the fire are especially affected. Therefore, the government annually allocates funds to reconstruct and replace pipes at many of the country's monuments as soon as possible.
Photos of the memorial complex
The photo below shows the Eternal Flame at the Kremlin Wall, which was lit at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in 1967. The opening ceremony was personally led by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. In 2009, the fire was moved to Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill. In 2010 he was returned to the Kremlin wall again.
Representatives of the Moscow Veterans Society made a proposal to open a memorial on Poklonnaya Gora. The public enthusiastically supported this initiative, because such monuments symbolize the eternal memory of the fallen soldiers and teach modern youth not to forget the terrible pages of the history of their country.
Wonderful and courageous citizens were awarded to light the Eternal Flame:
- Participant of hostilities in the defense of Moscow, honorary citizen, chairman of the council of war and labor veterans Vladimir Dolgikh.
- Hero of Russia Colonel Vyacheslav Sivko.
- Representative of the public organization Nikolay Zimogorodov.
After the opening of the memorial complex, this place became the most visited in the Russian capital. Not only residents of Moscow come here, but also numerous tourists who want to see the sights of the hero-city.
Do you need an eternal flame?
Modern youth are less and less interested in history and those distant troubling days of the Great Patriotic War. Fewer and fewer people remain who have passed through the fiery walls of hell in those years. Nevertheless, we must never forget about the feat that our fathers and grandfathers performed in the name of the peace of future generations. Monuments and memorials with eternal and unquenchable fire, reminiscent of the heroic deeds of soldiers on the battlefields, serve as one such reminder.
When designing and restoring monuments, experts are thinking about how to make the Eternal Flame, but there are people and officials who are against it. They argue that extra material costs are needed for the supply and maintenance of gas pipes and burners. But it is very good that there are only a few such people, because the Eternal Flame symbolizes the eternal memory of the feat that people performed in the name of peace.
Where veterans meet
Monuments and memorials with the Eternal Flame have been unveiled in many cities of the vast expanses of Russia. These places have long become landmarks and visiting cards of cities; they attract many people of different ages, guests and tourists. For veterans, they serve as a meeting place and memory of distant war days and fallen comrades.
On the day of the celebration of the Great Victory over the Nazi invaders, May 9, fresh flowers and wreaths are laid at the monuments and memorials. A field kitchen for veterans with the obligatory front-line hundred grams is very often deployed here.
Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
During the bloody battles, a huge number of soldiers and officers went missing. The remains of the dead soldiers are still being found at the former sites of hostilities. During the defense of Moscow in the distant 1941, a huge number of workers and soldiers perished, in their honor in 1967 a monument "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" was built. At its foot, sharp-pointed tongues of flame burst out of a bronze five-pointed star, symbolizing the unforgettable exploits of the heroes.
The "Eternal Flame" monument serves as a meeting place, because every day people bring fresh flowers to it, thereby honoring the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives for a brighter future. It serves as a meeting place for students of Moscow (and not only) schools with war veterans. Each child then captures what they see, creating a drawing. The eternal flame flares up with a bright flame in young hearts.
Creating a drawing
How to draw the Eternal Flame? Before you start sketching, you need to see it live at least once. It is best to sketch without leaving the memorial, so you can choose the most suitable angle. The monument should be photographed in order to complete the drawing at home.
On a piece of paper, you need to sketch the outline of the memorial. It is important to remember when creating a drawing: The eternal flame should not reach the edges of the sheet, you should leave indents of two to three centimeters. In this case, the image will be beautiful and voluminous. The sketch and the drawing itself should be done with a sharp, simple pencil, drawing non-greasy lines.
Completion of work
The next step is to draw sharper outlines. Parents can give their children their advice on how to draw the Eternal Flame, but it is better to perform it in the form of a five-pointed star in the form of rays with the completion of all sides of the figure.
To add volume from each vertex of the star, raise (lower) the perpendicular lines relative to the entire picture and connect them with parallel lines. The final moment will be the connection of the center of the star with its vertices. After that, you should go directly to drawing the flame. It is better not to paint the tongues of fire in a catchy bright red color, but to make it orange-red.
In the end, you should delete all auxiliary lines with an eraser and color the picture using colored pencils or watercolors.
Hero cities
The inscription on the granite slab of the "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" memorial reads "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal." As a continuation of the historical ensemble, in parallel with the Kremlin wall, urns with earth taken from the hero cities: Minsk and Leningrad, Sevastopol and Kiev, Kerch and Volgograd, Brest and Smolensk, Tula and Murmansk were installed.
As you can see in the photo, "Eternal Flame" is a monument, which always has a lot of people. The flame burns constantly, and the top of the memorial ensemble is decorated with a soldier's helmet, cast in bronze, a laurel branch and a battle banner. Thousands of people come to look at the Eternal Flame on May 9, on Victory Day, as well as veterans who honor the memory of the fallen soldiers with a minute of silence, who showed extraordinary courage and fortitude in the struggle for freedom during the Great Patriotic War.
Crafts for Victory Day
Craft "Eternal Flame", made with your own hands, will become the most beautiful and expensive gift that a schoolchild can give to the warring grandparents. On the eve of the holiday at school and at home, adults should have a conversation with children about the heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers on the battlefields with the Nazi invaders.
The craft is made from paper or other materials at hand. It should not be difficult, so as not to discourage children from doing it. To make the Eternal Flame out of paper, a child will need perseverance, attentiveness, the ability to use scissors and glue. It is better to do such crafts for middle-level schoolchildren, pupils of the fifth or sixth grades. To make a gift, you will need scissors, colored paper, glue, a simple pencil and a ruler. First, you need to draw a star on the back of colored paper, cut it out and glue the volumetric figure. You also need to do with the image of fire.
You can make the Eternal Flame with your own hands in an easier way. This will require the following components: half a glass of flour, water and one tablespoon of vegetable oil. Ask your elders or try to knead the dough yourself. From it, like from plasticine, mold a cake and press it down with something flat, such as a saucer or plate. A five-pointed star should be cut out of the resulting cake with a knife. Make five small fire holes in the middle. To make tongues of flame, you will need red colored paper. On the reverse side, draw fire, then cut out. There should be five flames. Cut out of paper, they must be inserted into the holes made in the dough. The craft is ready, and you can give it to your grandmother or grandfather!
The fire of eternal glory burns
Many representatives of the younger generation do not even know that once their grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for the freedom of the Motherland. The primary task of teachers and parents is to work with children to ensure that they do not lose the thin thread that connects the history of past glory and the realities of today's life. Almost no one can answer the question of when the first Eternal Flame was lit, few will be able to tell about why it burns and what it symbolizes. War stories are an integral part of a child's upbringing and development.
The eternal flame in Moscow and many cities of the vast expanses of the Motherland burns at the foot of the memorial ensembles and monuments.
Memory is imperishable
In Cherkessk, during the celebration of Victory Day in 1967, a fire was solemnly lit at the memorial to the fallen soldiers-liberators who gave their lives for the independence and freedom of Russia. From a conversation with the director of the local history center, S. Tverdokhlebov, it was possible to find out that he was collecting information bit by bit about the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War, defending the city of Cherkessk. On the basis of this material, a book was published and the memory of the heroes was immortalized in the form of a memorial complex with the Eternal Flame.
It is very important that the current generation never forget about the terrible crimes against all mankind committed by the Nazi invaders, so that the horror of war that our grandfathers experienced will never be repeated, especially since every year fewer and fewer witnesses of those terrible and busy days.
