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: "The USSR was bad not in things and not in salaries".
I'll tell you that the USSR was great. Yes, there were mistakes and irregularities that needed and could be corrected. But which fit well into the goodness of the USSR. Soviet man was literally not a slave - he was free in the broad sense of the word: he did not depend on things, did not depend on the employer, did not depend on whether or not he owned housing.

And now a person is a slave: a slave to the "mortgage", a slave to savings (if he has any) and real estate, a credit slave, and so on. Material fetters are tied hand and foot. He is like a goat tied to a peg, which cannot move away from him further than the length of a belt.

In the USSR it was impossible to “lose EVERYTHING”. Now this opportunity has been provided.
Russian people have always sought freedom and found freedom. Now he doesn't have it.

P.S.
I just found excellent material from a comrade, in particular, characterizing the aspirations of the Soviet state regarding the existence of a Soviet person, regarding his liberation for (no matter how pathetic it may sound) all-round creative development.

"In work" Economic problems of socialism in the USSR"(1952) I. Stalin As the third point of an indispensable precondition for the transition from socialism to communism, he writes the following:

3. It is necessary, thirdly, to achieve such a cultural growth of society, which would provide all members of society with the full development of their physical and mental abilities, so that members of society have the opportunity to receive an education sufficient to become active actors in social development, so that they have the ability to freely choose a profession, and not to be chained for life, due to the existing division of labor, to any one profession.
What is required for this?

It would be wrong to think that it is possible to achieve such a serious cultural growth of the members of society without serious changes in the current situation of labor. To do this, you must first of all reduce the working day to at least 6, and then to 5 hours. This is necessary to ensure that members of the community have enough free time to receive a comprehensive education. To do this, it is necessary, further, to introduce compulsory polytechnic education, which is necessary so that members of society have the opportunity to freely choose a profession and not be chained to one profession for the rest of their lives. To do this, it is necessary, further, to radically improve housing conditions and raise the real wages of workers and employees at least twice, if not more, both by directly raising money wages and, especially, by further systematic reduction in prices for consumer goods.

These are the basic conditions for preparing the transition to communism.
Only after all these preliminary conditions, taken together, have been fulfilled, it will be possible to hope that labor will be transformed in the eyes of members of society from a burden “into a first necessity of life” (Marx), that “labor will turn from a heavy burden into pleasure” (Engels), that public property will be regarded by all members of society as an unshakable and inviolable basis for the existence of society. "

Here's another facet of true freedom. Let us not have time to reach this line. We didn't have time yet.
"Freedom", understood as the freedom to choose between "adidas" and "runner," is the little dreams of a little man. Dreams Akaki Akakievich.

P.P.S.
27.03.16
But what freedom comes to in the understanding of the consumer. It comes not just in thoughts, but already goes on the rails of implementation. I am sure that the majority of opponents are “For”. Even taking into account the motivation:
" Human rights organizations, along with African liberals, advocate for the legalization of early abortion. The microbiologist writes that this is necessary for the preparation of expensive anti-aging creams from unborn children. "
(fully.

Why is modern man a slave? Tell us what fate and character mean?

Modern man is a slave to his work in the modern sense of the word. Most of all, women are protesting against this, because if a husband is a slave to his work, then a wife, among other things, is a slave to her husband. That is, a double slave. Why?

In our development, we have long overcome the slave system, but have not been able to renounce the past. We carry it in the shower feel it, we try to get rid of it, but since it is a feeling, then it determines our life. We know that we are not slaves, but we feel like slaves. Therefore, we behave like slaves until patience bursts. Then we begin to fight against our own enslavement and demand equality. After all, the slave does not feel himself equal with others. As a result of this struggle, complete zero is reached, because the material struggle cannot give spiritual freedom.

A characteristic feature of a slave is the desire to prove that he is better than he is. A slave is a machine that wants to prove that it is a human, but this fails because the machine is stronger than a human. In the service of the master, the slave is a good tool of labor - a shovel, in the service of the master an even better tool - a machine, in the service of the master - an excellent tool - a computer. Working on a computer and making big money doesn’t require anything other than a person’s brains and the ability to press keys with a finger. Working on a computer is a wonderful thing, but if a computer scientist becomes addicted to a computer, this is already an escape from reality. This means that the person feels lack of other human skills. He can use computer but does not know how to do something with his own hands and this shame hides from others.

With the triumphant march of computers, the number of people who understand the computer, but do not want to work on it, is growing. If they are forced to use a computer due to the nature of their work, they eventually develop an allergy to the computer. Why? This is the protest of a person against the final transformation into a machine. A person discovers that people are no longer human, panics and begins to protest against turning himself into a machine. He is allergic to the computer, as the protest remains unfulfilled.

The computer fanatic is capable of inventing miracles, but it will soon be revealed that someone invented an anti miracle - a computer virus that destroyed his work. Why does such purposeful malevolence, aka malice, arise? because someone got sick of being a machine, and he began to destroy the machine that turned him into a slave. It pleases him to be human. Like most people with material views, he seeks to destroy that which destroys himself. He wants freedom. By destroying material things, a person hopes to gain spiritual freedom. By destroying his family, he hopes to free himself from his own problems, including his enslavement.

A slave at his low level of development must do a certain amount of work to develop. Work develops a person. And the higher the level of development, the more you need to take care to have time. And if you have the opportunity, and everything around somehow hangs and sticks out, and you walk by every day, you grow your stress. Every time you pass by, you get annoyed, angry because of what you see - there is something wrong everywhere. Stress kills comfort. And there is no comfort. And when we cry, there are opportunities, but there is no mind.

All these stresses that I called, we all have. From compression and suppression they all add up to the next heavy level of guilt, which is called depression.

How many of you are not depressed? I didn't ask who's depressed?Remember: if you see, hear, feel, read, learn, it doesn't matter from what information, about something that is in the world, then you all have it. And we need to take care that what someone has, does not grow with me anymore. This is what it iseveryday work with oneself. Make sure the stress is small.

If you realized and admitted that you have the main stresses, it means that there was a need to release them, and you did not feel that someone was forcing you to do this. Therefore, the more and more complicated knowledge about stresses contained in my books was perceived by you as something completely natural, and you began to release these stresses, because you realized how much the burden of life was thereby lightened. Perhaps you yourself have come to the conclusion that stress has its own language. After all, language is a means of self-expression, and expression is an outward withdrawal, or release, of accumulated energy.

Talkingwith another person, I give him the necessary information about what is needed to me, and in the end it gives what to me need, be it tangible or intangible. Consciously or unconsciously, I accept it. Talking to stress, I give him freedom, and he gives me freedom, that is, something that is impossible to do without. Now I I accept with gratitude what they give me. In the meantime, I have already given everything from my side, and therefore with gratitude I accept what they give me. I made him happy, he made me happy, and I don't have a question: "Why should I start first?" - because I firmly know that my life begins with myself, and therefore it is natural that I myself have to take on what I have to do in life.

Knowledge of the language of stress is more important than knowledge of any foreign language, because IN THE LANGUAGE OF STRESS, HIS OWN LIFE SPEAKS TO A MAN.

Many people ask: "Does this kind of thinking really help all people?" “It helps,” I answer, “if they are people. But if they are good people who want only good and do not give up their opinion, then it does not help. " The most difficult thing for a person is to give up outdated, outdated ideas, but such a refusal is the key to happiness.

After all, stress is like a wave, any energy is a wave. A wave with a small amplitude will fit into the normal corridor. Then this is normal life. Everything is everywhere. And if we do not take care of ourselves, but run to worry about others, then imperceptibly we increase the amplitude of the wave more and more, and it will no longer fit into the normal corridor, will not fit in me, in my (like a ball) shell. Stress will not fit inside, but will pop out like a hedgehog's needle. Such energies that are larger than me, do not fit in me, are called character traits that command me. As long as I take care of myself and all these stresses are placed in me, I manage them. And if I didn’t take care of myself and they had already grown into a character trait, then these character traits are great stress, they command me, they have power over me.

We used to say: this is fate. Sorry, that's an excuse. Life expects no excuses from us. Life says: “If in a past life you did what you did and did not correct, at least two minutes before death, your mistakes (did not recognize them and did not correct them), then you came into this life with your own created destiny. This is a certain heap of stresses that you need to live through in order to learn to correct your mistake, which says: a person, when you collect energy in yourself, you do not behave like a human being. "

And there is such a thing as character. We also justify ourselves by this: I have such a character. And I have a different character. What will you do, fight? That is, our characters must destroy each other? Who are we then? We are people, we look from the outside and give an opportunity to the energies contained in us to kill each other. Is it human? Are we happy when another is killed? No, we are happy because we have proven that we are better. In fact, we are not better, we are stronger.

At school, we are taught that a slave is someone who is whipped to work, poorly fed, and can be killed at any moment. In the modern world, a slave is one who does not even suspect that he, his family and all the people around him are slaves. Someone who does not even think that, in fact, he is completely powerless. That his owners, with the help of specially created laws, law enforcement agencies, utilities and, above all, with the help of money, can force him to do whatever is required of him.

Modern slavery is not the slavery of the past. It is different. And it is not built on coercion, but on a change in consciousness. When a proud and free person under the influence of certain technologies, through the influence of ideology, the power of money, fear and cynical lies, turns out to be a mentally defective, easily controlled, corrupt person.

What are the megacities of the planet? They can be compared to gigantic concentration camps inhabited by mentally broken, absolutely powerless inhabitants.

As sad as it is, slavery is still with us. Here, today and now. Someone does not notice this, someone does not want to. Someone is trying very hard to keep everything that way.

Of course, there was never any talk of complete equality of people. This is physically impossible. Someone is born 2 meters tall with a gorgeous appearance, in a good family. And someone is forced from the cradle to fight for their survival. People are different, and most of all they are separated by the decisions they make. The topic of this article is: "The illusion of equality of human rights in the modern world." The illusion of a free world without slavery, in which for some reason everyone believes in unison.

Slavery is a system of social organization, where a person (slave) is the property of another person (master) or the state.

In paragraph 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN expanded the concept of a slave to any person who cannot voluntarily refuse to work.

For thousands of years, humanity has lived in a slave system. The dominant class of society forced the weaker class to work for it on inhuman conditions. And if giving up slavery was not an empty shake of air, it would not have happened so quickly and practically all over the world. Simply, those in power have come to the conclusion that they can already keep people in poverty, hunger and get all the necessary work for a penny. And so it happened.

The main families, the owners of the largest capital on the planet, have not gone anywhere. They remained in the same dominant position and continued to profit from the common people. From 40% to 80% of people in any country in the world live below the poverty line not of their own free will or coincidence. These people are not disabled, not mentally retarded, not lazy, and not criminals. But at the same time, they cannot afford to buy either a car, or real estate, or a worthy defense of their rights in court. Nothing! These people have to fight for their survival, working hard every day for ridiculous money. And this is even in countries with enormous natural resources and in peacetime! In countries where there is no problem of overpopulation or some kind of natural disasters. What is this?

We return to the 4th paragraph of the Declaration of Human Rights. Do these people have the opportunity to give up work, move, try themselves in another business? Spend a couple of years changing your specialty? No!

From 40% to 80% of the people of almost every country in the world are slaves. And the gap between rich and poor people is deeper and deeper, and no one even hides this fact. Ruling families, arm in arm with bankers, create a system aimed only at enriching themselves. And ordinary people are left out of the game. Do you really think that real estate should be worth that much in terms of a common man's working hours? I’m already silent about how many territories, in fact, are idle in almost any country. And it's not about the overpriced real estate, it's about the undervalued price of human life. We are worth nothing to our "masters". We huddle in slums or concrete multi-storey chicken coops. We earn with sweat and blood for bread, clothes and 1 short trip to the seaside half-bastard a year. While the privileged classes of people (for example, bankers) draw any amount in their pocket with a simple stroke of a pen. Big capital dictates laws, fashion, politics. Shapes and destroys markets. And what can an ordinary person oppose to a corporate machine? Nothing. If you have big capital, you can lobby your interests in the government and always win, regardless of the quality and nature of your activities. All these hopelessly flawed automobile factories, arms factories, intermediaries in the raw materials industry, all these are the feeding troughs of the elite. Which we serve together and fill for them.

Those in power send us to war, put us in cages for debts, restrict the possibility of resettlement or the right to have weapons. Who are we, no matter how slaves? And the saddest thing is that we ourselves are to blame for this no less than those who are now at the helm. Are to blame for their blindness and passivity.

Modern slavery takes on sophisticated forms. This is the alienation of the people (community, population) from its natural resources and territories through unjust privatization (monopolization) of rights to generally useful territorial resources (minerals, rivers and lakes, forests and lands. For example, laws protecting monopoly ownership of huge resources of a community, people (population ) territories, regions, countries imposed by unscrupulous rulers (officials, "elected officials", representative power, legislative power is such a form of alienation that allows one to assert about slave labor conditions and monopolies of the oligarchy, in fact, the schemes of alienation and ownership are realized due to the rights "of a part of the population and social groups. The concept of superprofits and inadequate wages is a characteristic feature and a private definition of slavery - defeat in the rights to use natural resources of territories and alienation of a share of labor in case of inadequate payment. , corruption schemes and in cases of fraud. For enslavement, they use traditional debt schemes and lending at inflated interest rates. The main sign of slavery is a violation of the principle of equitable distribution of resources, rights and powers used to enrich one group at the expense of another group and dependent behavior with a defeat in rights. Any form of inadequate use of benefits and inequality in the distribution of resources is a latent (implicit, partial) form of the slave position of certain groups of the population. None of the modern democracies (and other forms of self-organization of the life of society) is not devoid of these vestiges on the scale of entire states. A sign of such phenomena are entire institutions of society focused on combating such phenomena in the most extreme forms.

And the situation is only getting worse. Even if we assume that you are satisfied with your situation, or you just can tolerate it. Stop this system of enslavement right now, as it will be even harder for your children to do this.

Modern slaves are forced to work by the following hidden mechanisms:

1. Economic coercion of slaves to permanent work. The modern slave is forced to work non-stop until death, because The money earned by a slave in 1 month is enough to pay for housing for 1 month, food for 1 month and travel for 1 month. Since the modern slave always has enough money for only 1 month, the modern slave is forced to work all his life until death. The pension is also a big fiction, because A retired slave pays his entire pension for housing and food, and a retired slave has no spare money.

2. The second mechanism of hidden coercion of slaves to work is the creation of an artificial demand for pseudo-necessary goods, which are imposed on the slave with the help of TV advertising, PR, the location of goods at certain places in the store. The modern slave is involved in an endless race for "novelties", and for this he has to constantly work.

3. The third hidden mechanism of economic coercion of modern slaves is the credit system, with the "help" of which modern slaves are more and more drawn into credit bondage, through the mechanism of "loan interest". Every day the modern slave needs more and more, because A modern slave, in order to pay off an interest-bearing loan, takes a new loan without giving up the old one, creating a pyramid of debts. Debt, constantly hanging over the modern slave, is a good incentive for the modern slave to work, even for meager wages.

4. The fourth mechanism for making modern slaves work for the hidden slave owner is the myth of the state. The modern slave thinks that he works for the state, but in fact the slave works for the pseudo-state, because The money of the slave goes into the pocket of the slave owners, and the concept of the state is used to cloud the brains of the slaves so that the slaves do not ask unnecessary questions such as: why do slaves work all their lives and remain always poor? And why don't the slaves have a share of the profit? And to whom exactly is the money paid by the slaves in the form of taxes transferred?

5. The fifth mechanism of hidden coercion of slaves is the mechanism of inflation. The rise in prices in the absence of an increase in the wages of a slave provides a hidden, imperceptible robbery of slaves. Thus, the modern slave becomes more and more impoverished.

6. The sixth hidden mechanism to make a slave work for free: to deprive the slave of funds for moving and buying real estate in another city or another country. This mechanism forces modern slaves to work in one city-forming enterprise and "endure" enslaving conditions, because The slaves simply do not have other conditions and the slaves have nothing and nowhere to run away.

7. The seventh mechanism that makes the slave work for free is the concealment of information about the real value of the slave's labor, the real value of the goods that the slave produced. And the share of the slave's salary, which the slave owner takes through the accounting mechanism, taking advantage of the ignorance of the slaves and the lack of control of the slaves over the surplus value that the slave owner takes for himself.

8. In order for modern slaves not to demand their share of the profit, they did not demand to give back what they earned by their fathers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great-grandfathers, etc. It is the silence of the facts of plundering into the pockets of slave owners of resources that were created by numerous generations of slaves over a thousand-year history.

6. Man's slavery to himself and the seduction of individualism

The final truth about human slavery is that a person is a slave to himself. He falls into the slavery of the object world, but this is slavery to his own exteriors. Man is in bondage to various kinds of idols, but these are idols created by him. Man is always a slave of what is, as it were, outside of him, that is alienated from him, but the source of slavery is internal. The struggle between freedom and slavery is played out in the external, objectified, exteriorized world. But from an existential point of view, this is an inner spiritual struggle. This follows from the fact that man is a microcosm. In the universal, contained in the personality, there is a struggle between freedom and slavery, and this struggle is projected in the objective world. Man's slavery consists not only in the fact that an external force enslaves him, but even deeper, in the fact that he agrees to be a slave, that he slavishly accepts the action of the force that enslaves him. Slavery is characterized as the social position of people in the objective world. So, for example, in a totalitarian state, all people are slaves. But this is not the final truth of the phenomenology of slavery. It has already been said that slavery is primarily a structure of consciousness and a certain kind of objective structure of consciousness. “Consciousness” defines “being”, and only in the secondary process does “consciousness” fall into slavery to “being”. A slave society is a product of the inner slavery of man. Man lives in the grip of an illusion that is so strong that it appears to be a normal consciousness. This illusion is expressed in the ordinary consciousness that a person is in bondage to an external force, while he is in bondage to himself. The illusion of consciousness is different from the one exposed by Marx and Freud. A person slavishly defines his attitude to "not-I" primarily because he defines slavishly his attitude to "I". This does not at all follow that slavish social philosophy, according to which a person must endure external social slavery and only liberate himself internally. This is a completely false understanding of the relationship between "internal" and "external". Internal liberation inevitably requires external liberation, the destruction of slavish dependence on social tyranny. A free person cannot tolerate social slavery, but he remains free in spirit even if he is unable to defeat external, social slavery. This is a struggle that can be very difficult and lengthy. Freedom presupposes surmountable resistance.

Egocentrism is the original sin of man, a violation of the true relationship between "I" and his other, God, the world with people, between the personality and the universe. Egocentrism is an illusory, perverted universalism. It gives a false perspective on the world and on every reality in the world; there is a loss of the ability to truly perceive realities. The egocentric is in the power of objectification, which he wants to turn into an instrument of self-affirmation, and this is the most dependent being in eternal slavery. The greatest mystery of human existence is hidden here. Man is a slave to the outside world, because he is a slave to himself, to his egocentrism. A person slavishly submits to the external bondage emanating from the object, precisely because he is egocentrically asserting himself. Egocentrics are usually conformists. He who is a slave to himself loses himself. Personality is the opposite of slavery, but egocentrism is the disintegration of personality. Man's slavery to himself is not only slavery to his lower, animal nature. This is a gross form of self-centeredness. Man is also a slave to his sublime nature, and this is much more important and more restless. A person is a slave of his refined "I", which is very far from the "I" of the animal, he is a slave of his higher ideas, higher feelings, his talents. A person may not notice at all, not be aware that he is transforming the highest values ​​into an instrument of egocentric self-assertion. Fanaticism is precisely this kind of egocentric self-assertion. The books on the spiritual life teach that humility can become the greatest pride. There is nothing more hopeless than the pride of the humble. The type of Pharisee is the type of person whose devotion to the law of goodness and purity, to a lofty idea, has turned into egocentric self-assertion and self-righteousness. Even holiness can turn into a form of self-centeredness and self-affirmation and become false holiness. Sublime ideal egocentrism is always idolization and a false attitude towards ideas, substituting for the attitude towards the living God. All forms of egocentrism, from the lowest to the most elevated, always mean slavery of man, slavery of man to himself, and through this also slavery and the world around him. The egocentric is a being enslaved and enslaved. There is an enslaving dialectic of ideas in human existence; it is an existential dialectic, not a logical one. There is nothing more terrible than a person obsessed with false ideas and self-asserting on the basis of these ideas, he is a tyrant of himself and of other people. This tyranny of ideas can become the basis of the state and social system. Religious, national, social ideas can play such a role of enslavers, equally reactionary and revolutionary ideas. In a strange way, ideas enter the service of egocentric instincts, and egocentric instincts are surrendered to the service of ideas that trample on man. And slavery, internal and external, always triumphs. The egocentric always falls under the power of objectification. An egocentric who sees the world as his own means is always thrown into the outside world and depends on it. But most often the slavery of a person in himself takes the form of the seduction of individualism.

Individualism is a complex phenomenon that cannot be simply assessed. Individualism can have both positive and negative meanings. Individualism is often called personalism, due to terminological imprecision. A person is called an individualist in character or because he is independent, original, free in his judgments, does not mix with the environment and rises above it, or because he is isolated in himself, incapable of communication, despises people, is egocentric. But in the strict sense of the word, individualism comes from the word "individual", not "personality." The assertion of the supreme value of the individual, the protection of his freedom and the right to realize life opportunities, his striving for completeness is not individualism. Enough has been said about the distinction between the individual and the person. Ibsen's "Peer Gynt" reveals the brilliant existential dialectic of individualism. Ibsen poses the problem, what does it mean to be yourself, to be true to yourself? Peer Gynt wanted to be himself, to be an original individual, and he completely lost and ruined his personality. He was just a slave to himself. The aesthetic individualism of the cultural elite, which is revealed in the modern novel, is the disintegration of the personality, the disintegration of the integral personality into torn states and the slavery of man in these torn states of his. Personality is internal integrity and unity, mastery of oneself, victory over slavery. Decomposition of personality is disintegration into separate self-asserting intellectual, emotional, sensory elements. The human heart center is decomposing. Only the spiritual principle maintains the unity of mental life and creates a personality. A person falls into the most diverse forms of slavery, when he can oppose the enslaving force only with torn elements, and not an integral personality. The internal source of human slavery is associated with the autonomy of the torn parts of a person, with the loss of the inner center. Torn to pieces, a person easily succumbs to the affect of fear, and fear is what most of all keeps a person in bondage. Fear is conquered by an integral, centralized personality, an intense experience of the dignity of a person, it cannot be defeated by the intellectual, emotional, sensory elements of a person. Personality is a whole, while the objectified world opposed to it is partial. But only an integral personality, an image of a higher being, can be conscious of oneself as a whole, opposing the objectified world from all sides. Man's slavery to himself, making him a slave to “not-me,” always means torn apart and fragmented. Any obsession, whether a low passion or a high idea, means the loss of a person's spiritual center. The old atomistic theory of psychic life is false, which deduces the unity of the psychic process from a special kind of psychic chemistry. The unity of the mental process is relative and easily overturned. The active spiritual principle synthesizes and leads to unity. This is the development of personality. It is not the idea of ​​the soul that is of central importance, but the idea of ​​an integral person, embracing the spiritual, mental and bodily principles. An intense vital process can destroy the personality. The will to power is dangerous not only for those at whom it is directed, but also for the subject of this will, it acts destructively and enslaves a person who has allowed himself to become obsessed with the will to power. In Nietzsche, truth is created by a vital process, by the will to power. But this is the most anti-personalistic point of view. The will to power does not provide an opportunity to know the truth. Truth does not render any services to those striving for power, that is, for enslavement. In the will to power, centrifugal forces operate in a person, an inability to control oneself and resist the power of the object world is revealed. Slavery in oneself and slavery in the objective world are one and the same slavery. The striving for domination, for power, for success, for glory, for the enjoyment of life is always slavery, a slavish attitude towards oneself and a slave attitude towards the world, which has become an object of desire and lust. The lust for power is a slave instinct.

One of the human illusions is the belief that individualism is the opposition of the individual person and his freedom to the surrounding world, which always strives to rape him. In reality, individualism is objectification and is associated with the exteriorization of human existence. It is very hidden and not immediately visible. The individual is part of society, part of the race, part of the world. Individualism is the isolation of the part from the whole, or the revolt of the part against the whole. But to be a part of some whole, even when rebelling against this whole, means already to be exteriorized. Only in the world of objectification, that is, in the world of alienation, impersonality and determinism, there is that relationship of the part and the whole, which is found in individualism. The individualist isolates himself and asserts himself in relation to the universe; he perceives the universe exclusively as violence against it. In a sense, individualism is the other side of collectivism. Refined individualism of the new time, which, however, became very old, individualism, coming from Petrarch and the Renaissance, was an escape from the world and society to oneself, to one's own soul, to lyrics, poetry, music. The mental life of a person was greatly enriched, but the processes of personality dissociation were also being prepared. Personalism means something completely different. Personality includes the universe, but this inclusion of the universe occurs not in the plane of objectivity, but in the plane of subjectivity, that is, existentiality. The personality recognizes itself as rooted in the kingdom of freedom, that is, in the kingdom of the spirit, and from there draws its strength for struggle and activity. This is what it means to be a person, to be free. The individualist, in essence, is rooted in the objectified world, social and natural, and with this rootedness he wants to isolate himself and oppose himself to the world to which he belongs. An individualist is, in essence, a socialized person, but experiencing this socialization as violence, suffering from it, isolating himself and powerlessly rebelling. This is the paradox of individualism. For example, false individualism is found in the liberal social order. In this system, which was actually a capitalist system, the individual was crushed by the play of economic forces and interests, he crushed himself and crushed others. Personalism has a communitarian tendency, it wants to establish fraternal relations between people. Individualism in social life establishes wolfish relationships between people. It is remarkable that great creative people have never really been individualists. They were lonely and unrecognized, they were in acute conflict with the environment, with established collective opinions and judgments. But they were always aware of their calling to service, they had a universal mission. There is nothing more false than the consciousness of one's gift, one's genius, as a privilege and as a justification for individualistic isolation. There are two different types of loneliness - the loneliness of the creative person, experiencing a conflict between internal universalism and objectified universalism, and the loneliness of the individualist, opposing this objectified universalism, to which he, in essence, belongs, his own emptiness and powerlessness. There is loneliness of inner fullness and loneliness of inner emptiness. There is the loneliness of heroism and the loneliness of defeat, loneliness as strength and loneliness as powerlessness. Loneliness, which finds itself only a passive aesthetic consolation, usually belongs to the second type. Leo Tolstoy felt very lonely, lonely even among his followers, but he belonged to the first type. All prophetic loneliness belongs to the first type. It is striking that the loneliness and alienation inherent in the individualist usually leads to submission to false communities. An individualist very easily becomes a conformist and obeys a foreign world, to which he cannot oppose anything. Examples of this are given in revolutions and counter-revolutions, in totalitarian states. The individualist is a slave to himself, he is seduced by slavery of his own "I", and therefore he cannot resist slavery that comes from the "not-I". Personality is liberation both from the bondage of the “I” and from the bondage of the “not-I”. Man is always a slave of "not-I" through "I", through the state in which "I" is. The enslaving power of the object world can make a person a martyr, but it cannot make him a conformist. Conformism, which is a form of slavery, always uses one or another temptation and human instinct, one or another enslavement from one's own "I".

Jung establishes two psychological types - the interverted, inward facing, and the exterverted, outward facing. This distinction is relative and conditional, like all classifications. In fact, in the same person there can be both interversion and externality. But I am now interested in another question. To what extent can interversion mean egocentrism, and externality - alienation and exteriorization? Perverted, that is, having lost its personality, intervertedness is egocentrism, and perverted externality is alienation and exteriorization. But intervertedness in itself can mean a deepening into oneself, into the spiritual world that opens up in the depths, just as externality can mean creative activity aimed at the world and people. Externality can also mean throwing human existence outward and means objectification. This objectification is created by a certain orientation of the subject. It is remarkable that human slavery can equally be the result of the fact that a person is exclusively absorbed in his "I" and is focused on his states, not noticing the world and people, and the fact that a person is thrown exclusively outside, into the objectivity of the world and loses consciousness of his "I" ... Both are the result of the gap between the subjective and the objective. The “objective” either completely absorbs and enslaves human subjectivity, or causes repulsion and disgust, isolating and enclosing human subjectivity. But this alienation, the exteriorization of the object in relation to the subject, is what I call objectification. Absorbed exclusively by his "I", the subject is a slave, as a slave is a subject, completely thrown into the object. In either case, the personality is decaying or it has not yet been formed. At the primary stages of civilization, the subject is predominantly thrown into an object, into a social group, into an environment, into a clan, and at the tops of civilizations, the subject is predominantly absorbed into his “I”. But at the heights of civilization there is also a return to the primitive horde. The free person is a rare flower of world life. The vast majority of people do not consist of individuals, the personality of this majority is either still in potency, or is already decaying. Individualism does not at all mean that the personality rises, or it means only as a result of inaccurate use of words. Individualism is a naturalistic philosophy, while personalism is a philosophy of the spirit. The liberation of man from slavery in the world, from his enslavement by external forces is liberation from slavery in himself, in the enslaving forces of his "I", i.e. e. from egocentrism. A person must at once be spiritually interverted, interiorized and exterverted, in creative activity coming out to the world and people.

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