At what temperature the paper starts to burn. The temperature at which the paper ignites and burns
Performing the following actions will most effectively handle most emergency situations.
If you are unable to REPORT on time - this will allow the incident to get out of control!
MUST BE:
Detect the fire;
Inform
Raise the alarm by all available means;
Localize the fire
This should be a test report, which should be prepared by a person with relevant authority in this area. All components and wires used to create a lightning protection system must be resistant to corrosion.
Corresponding technical condition of chimney channels
Chimneys should be checked periodically at least once a year, which involves checking the technical condition of the boiler. In addition, it is necessary to remove impurities from smoke and chimneys. Furnaces fired with liquid and gas at least twice a year for furnaces fired solid fuel, at least four times a year. Contamination from ventilation ducts should be removed at least once a year. Do not install the ventilation grill.
Close the door, turn off the ventilation, electricity, fuel supply;
Apply the primary fire extinguishing equipment, if it is impossible to extinguish the fire - leave the place of the fire.
In the first stage of a fire, a big problem is the spread of smoke. Ship corridors are a kind of “smoke ducts”. The release of toxic smoke is increasing rapidly, people may be trapped. Salvation often takes much longer and comes too late.
Proper use of heating equipment
Follow these rules. Do not heat gas stoves, all actions related to disconnecting and connecting heating appliances and other devices for burning, monitoring and cleaning of chimneys and their repair may be performed only by professionals with appropriate authority, each heating device operating on liquid, gaseous or solid fuel, consumes air for burning fuel and emits flammable gases containing substances harmful to human health. During operation of the device, sufficient air and flue gases must be provided, and each room in which the fuel unit is installed must be constantly ventilated: fresh air inlets and exhaust pipe for exhaust gases. It should be operated only by adults, children cannot play into the game and manipulate the stove, kitchen, water heater and other appliances. Prevent flue gases from entering the room by incinerating combustion devices, chimneys and gas installations. These flue gases contain carbon monoxide, which causes poisoning of the body, if there is a smell in the room, immediately turn off the equipment, leave the room, open windows and doors and contact a specialist to repair the appliance or chimney, any unauthorized modifications, installations, chimneys, attempts to adapt to another type of fuel and moving to another place are not allowed.
Unload glowing ash and slag
Fire regulations They prohibit burning fires or dumping of hot ash and slag in the place of ignition of flammable materials or neighboring objects and at a distance of less than 10 m from such objects.In this situation, they should not lose self-control, but apply the knowledge gained at TCA to self-rescue and rescue the victims.
BURNING THEORY
DEFINITION
Combustion or flame is a chemical reaction with the release of a large amount of heat, fire and products of combustion.
BURNING TRIANGLE
For a fire to occur, three factors are necessary: heat, oxygen, and a combustible substance (fuel). The point of the question is that only when these three components are present in proper proportion can a flame arise.
Vegetable products should be stored in such a way that they cannot ignite spontaneously. If necessary, store products that are not salty, their temperature should be periodically checked. When stacks, stacks, and brochures are set, at least the following distances must be maintained.
Safe storage of plant protection products
Stacks and stacks must be made and maintained at a width of at least 2 m at a distance of 3 m from their contour, without combustible materials. Plant protection products differ in their degree of flammability, which means that the risk of fire during storage is different. Preparations that require special precautions are contained in the warnings given in the label instructions. Flammable preparations contain oils or organic solvents. They require special storage precautions.
Fire is uncontrolled burning outside a special hearth.
1 - fuel
2 - oxygen
3 - warm
1. COMBUSTIBLE (FUEL)
In life, the situation is such that we are surrounded by flammable substances in direct contact with air. Wood, paper, various materials, plastic, petroleum products, a lot of things that can be ignited - in direct contact with the air, which contains oxygen, which is necessary for a chemical reaction.
Safe storage of fertilizers
Proper location closure, warning signs indicating that flammable products are stored indoors, keeping flammable materials away from central heating pipes and other heating systems, not installing glass containers in places where They reach the sun, supplying magazines with fire extinguishers. Non-warehouses should be in buildings with non-combustible walls, dry and ventilated, flat floor, concrete, above the terrain. Windows, doors, walls and roofs must be airtight, protected from sunlight.
2. OXIDIZER
The oxidizer is the second side of the burning triangle. Usually, air oxygen acts as an oxidizing agent during combustion; however, there may be other oxidizing agents — nitrogen oxides: N, 0 ^, NO, C1, and the like.
A critical indicator for the oxygen of the air as an oxidizing agent is its concentration in the air environment of the enclosed vessel in the volume limits above 12-14%. Below this concentration, the burning of the absolute majority of combustible substances does not occur. However, some combustible substances can burn at lower concentrations of oxygen in the surrounding gas-air environment.
Proper garages for cars and fuel storage
Separate types and assortment should be stored separately. Do not mix fertilizer. Fertilizers should be protected from moisture and should not be contaminated with organic substances, as this may cause spontaneous combustion. Do not use open fire in the pantry. It is prohibited to park vehicles in buildings and premises not intended for this purpose, unless the vehicle's fuel tank has been emptied and the vehicle's battery power supply has not been permanently disconnected.
3. TEMPERATURE OF BURNING (heat)
There are many concepts applied to temperatures at which ignition is possible. The most important of them are:
FLASH TEMPERATURE- the lowest temperature at which a substance emits enough flammable vapor to ignite when exposed to an open flame, but the combustion does not continue.
In addition, fire hazardous materials should not be stored in basements, attics and attics, stairs and corridors, as well as in other public spaces, as well as on terraces, balconies and loggias. Protection of the threshing points, rooms with installed electric motors and garages for cars and a harvester. The threshing site, regardless of the required fire extinguishers, should be equipped with a water container of at least 200 dm3, prepared for use in fire fighting with a bucket or other equivalent means.
You must also equip places for threshing, laying and combination of fire extinguishers and, if necessary, fire-fighting equipment. When placing fire extinguishers must comply with the following conditions. Smoking, handling equipment, cars and vehicles when burning and transporting firewood, using fire and smoking less than 10 m from the place of the thresher and the presence of flammable agricultural products. It is desirable that rooms with installed electric motors and garages in agricultural warehouses are equipped with a portable fire extinguisher to extinguish these groups of fires that may occur in these areas.
FLUSH TEMPERATURE - the lowest temperature at which the substance gives enough flammable vapor to ignite and continue burning with an open flame.
Note. You can see that the difference between the flash point and the burning temperature is that in the first case there is an instantaneous flash, and in the second one the temperature should be high enough to produce enough flammable vapors for burning, regardless of the source of ignition.
Group A fire extinguishers are used for foam or powder fire extinguishers. Group B fire extinguishers are used interchangeably with foam, snow or powder fire extinguishers. The minimum amount of extinguishing agent in a fire extinguisher should be 2 kg. Fire extinguishers should be subject to periodic maintenance; Checks or possible repair and repair of fire extinguishers should be ordered by qualified personnel or specialized companies.
There should be a protective tape with a minimum width of 2 m and a non-flammable surface or a cleaned earth surface around warehouses, landfills and temporary structures with a combustible structure. Storage of flammable materials under the walls of an object relating to its function, with the exception of flammable materials, is allowed provided that.
Gasoline + 500 ° С
White spirit + 230 ° C
Diesel fuel + 350 ° С
Wood + 300 ° C
Paper + 185 ° С
SELF-INFLAMMATION - This is a quick self-acceleration of an exothermic chemical reaction, leading to the appearance of a bright glow - a flame. Self-ignition occurs as a result of the fact that the oxidation of a material with oxygen from the air produces more heat than it has time to be diverted beyond the limits of the reacting system.
For liquid and gaseous combustible substances, this occurs at critical parameters of temperature and pressure.
Do not exceed the maximum area of the fire zone specified for this object; preservation of access to the object in the case of rescue operations; In order not to jeopardize the minimum distance from neighboring buildings necessary for ensuring fire safety. Observe the order in areas adjacent to farms, be careful when using open fire, smoking. It is forbidden to heat resin and other materials with an open flame within 5 meters from the object, adjacent warehouse or storage with combustible materials.
CURVE OF INTENSITY OF COMBUSTION
It is important to fully understand how a fire usually develops. If we exclude explosions and flashes, then the combustion process can be divided into the following four periods:
1 - ignition period 3 - burning period
2 - fire development 4 - damping period
Use of natural gas, propane-butane gas and fuel oil
On farms during harvest, transportation and storage of agricultural products. Use the directions given in the operating instructions for agricultural and other equipment; use electric motors with a degree of protection corresponding to the conditions of operation; The minimum distance of the power plant from the piles, stacks and flammable structures should be 5 m; Install internal combustion engines on a non-flammable substrate at a distance of at least 10 m from piles, stacks or flammable structures; Fix the exhaust engines of internal combustion engines in front of the spark output; provide evacuation of people and equipment; Store necessary propellants in quantities not exceeding daily needs in closed, non-destructible vessels at a distance of at least 10 m from the place of threshing and location of combustible crops. The dangers that may arise from the use of gas are primarily due to the lack of proper maintenance of the installation and gas appliances.
In this regard, it is significant that usually the fire spreads up very quickly, to the side - at a relatively low speed, and down - very slowly.
If a fire has arisen (the triangle is closed), the action to extinguish the fire should be aimed at deriving the indicators of the triangle (at least one) beyond the limits of critical quantities — breaking the burning triangle. This is the theoretical basis for burning and extinguishing.
Requirements for the use of propane-butane cylinders 11 kg
To avoid a fire or an explosion of gas or to limit their effects, the following principles should be observed. Users must maintain gas system operation, the gas meter outside the customer’s premises must be protected from unauthorized persons, all gas receivers must be clean and in good working condition, gas receivers must be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Controlled gas receivers must be monitored on an ongoing basis if their design is not designed for automatic operation, it is also necessary to control the boiled liquids on gas stoves to avoid flash, lamen extinguishing gas and uncontrolled outflows. The owner of an apartment building or the construction manager of an apartment building must at least once a year carry out a technical inspection and leak test and check the chimney air ducts. It is prohibited to repair gas installations and appliances, as well as to connect additional gas receivers without the consent of the gas distributor, users of gas appliances should not take gas to bypass the meter, repair, repair and clean gas meters and stop ventilation and ventilation holes in the premises. in which gas receivers are installed. LPG cylinders can be used to supply gas appliances, provided that no more than two cylinders with a gas content of up to 11 kg each are connected to gas appliances in one apartment or workshop.
There are worse offenses than burning books.
For example - do not read them.
(c) Ray Bradbury
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
Here is such another "great news" on one of the information resources of the terrorist lnr. And even a whole story about it was made.
About 30 thousand neo-fascist books were kept in the Ukrainian-Canadian Center, which operated for more than 20 years on the basis of the Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University.<…> Identified books will not destroy. At the request of historians, the Nazi library will be transferred to a special fund - for study and historical research. So that future generations will not forget what Nazism is.
Observe the following rules. Cylinders should be located at a distance of at least 1, 5 m from radiating heaters, excluding gas stoves, radiant and convection heaters with cylinder cabinets, cylinders should be placed away from sparkling devices, cylinders should be installed vertically and fixed. Do not store gas cylinders in places below ground level, as propane gas is heavier than air and can ignite indoors. Sources of thermal ignition.
Ignition sources of this type are characterized by a high thermal level, acting either in direct contact with the fuel material or at a distance from radiation and convection, in both cases the temperature of the material rises to a higher value than the auto-ignition temperature. This is a very broad category, which includes incandescent lamps, heat generated by thermal devices, heat generated by the thermal effect of electric current.
The authors of the news focus on two points. Already 30 thousand books! AND not will destroy. And something reminded me of it! And not only to me, but to everyone who read Ray Bradbury's wonderful novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit."
Sometimes it seems that Ray Bradbury invented a time machine and visited the electric power industry. But this is a lyrical digression ...
The novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit" tells of a totalitarian society in which literature is banned, and firefighters must burn all forbidden books that they find, moreover, along with the dwellings of the owners. At the same time, book owners are subject to arrest, one of them is even sent to an insane asylum. The author depicted people who have lost touch with each other, with nature, with the intellectual heritage of mankind. People rush to work or from work, never saying what they think or feel, just talking about meaningless and empty things, are only admired by material values. At home, they surround themselves with interactive television, projecting directly onto the walls (in which kinescopes are embedded), and fill their free time with watching television programs, endless and confused TV shows.
What is the problem?
And it turns out that for 20 years the Ukrainian-Canadian Center has been working on the basis of the Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University. " Under the slogans of the “breakthrough of historical truth” in the troubled 1990s, such “Ukrainian-Canadian centers” began to open across the country. Nazi literature spread like a virus, striking the minds of citizens with its poison". This is how pathetic and completely for the informational adherents the scholars of electricity talk about the information they have invented. Let me explain, more than a year the pro-Russian terrorists rage in Lugansk. And then suddenly - bang! - discovered!
You cannot build a house without boards and nails, and if you don't want the house to be built, hide the boards and nails. If you do not want a person to be upset about politics, do not give him the opportunity to see both sides of the issue. Let him see only one, and even better, not one.
Firemaster Beatty
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
Note! This is the “Aeneid” of Kotlyarevsky. But it turns out that this is not a burlesque poem on the plot of the poem of the same name by the Roman poet Virgil, but a vivid example of the propaganda neofascist literature from Toronto. 
A man with a head in his head, a self-proclaimed rector of LOIPO, a loader, a bribe taker and a porn blogger Yuli Rudolfovich Sonnenberg-Fedorovsky tells about the “outrages” of the Ukrainian-Canadian center Therefore, objectivity rolls over. Quote: “The works of Ukrainian historians reached marasmus, the level of anecdote. The books seriously proved that Jesus Christ is Ukrainian, and Galileo is Galicia, and Christopher Columbus is Ukrainian with Kolomyia, and all this was published in thousands of copies in full seriousness. ” True, except for Julius Rudolfovich himself, no one ever took such statements seriously ... And their brothers did according to Rudolfovich's reason, but this is not about that now.
Here comes the most curious copy, in all the languages of the world, called a fool.
(c) Ray Bradbury
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
But this crumbling folio, clearly printed by the junta over the past few years, aha. I am sure that the cost of this book exceeded several thousand hryvnias. 
Book of Holodomor victims. Of course, this is absolutely fascist literature. Only the government of the ыynyr has a monopoly to starve its own population! Well, the Soviet Union. And if someone tells about it-a hundred percent fascist! And the book, respectively, fascist! 
Now you understand why books cause such hatred, why are they so afraid of them? They show us the pores on the face of life.
After all, books exist to remind us that we are fools and stubborn donkeys.
(c) Ray Bradbury
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
Small history of Ukraine. Also a fascist book. As is well known to all adherents of the New Russia, Ukraine does not exist and never existed. So the book claiming that Ukraine is-fascist! And it is symbolic that a microphone will form into the background of the book. 
Oh, that terrible tyranny of the majority!
(c) Ray Bradbury
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
Somewhere the process of saving valuables must begin again, someone must reassemble and preserve what was created by man, preserve it in books, in gramophone records, in people's heads, save it from moths, mold, rust, decay and people with matches.
(c) Ray Bradbury
"451 degrees Fahrenheit"
