The problem of love matryonin dvor. The work "matrenin dvor" - problem and arguments
The story “Matryonin's Dvor” was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1959. The first title of the story is “A village is not worth a righteous man” (Russian proverb). The final version of the name was invented by Tvardovsky, who was at that time the editor of the magazine “ New world”, Where the story was published in No. 1 for 1963. At the insistence of the editors, the beginning of the story was changed and the events were attributed not to 1956, but to 1953, that is, to the pre-Khrushchev era. This is a bow to Khrushchev, thanks to whose permission Solzhenitsyn's first story, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), was published.
The image of the narrator in "Matryonin's Dvor" is autobiographical. After Stalin's death, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated, actually lived in the village of Miltsevo (Talnovo in the story) and rented a corner from Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova (Grigorieva in the story). Solzhenitsyn very accurately conveyed not only the details of the life of the prototype of Marena, but also the peculiarities of everyday life and even the local dialect of the village.
Literary direction and genre
Solzhenitsyn developed the Tolstoyan tradition of Russian prose in a realistic direction. The story combines the features of an artistic sketch, the story itself, and elements of a life. The life of the Russian countryside is reflected so objectively and diversely that the work comes close to the genre of a "novel-type story". In this genre, the character of the hero is shown not only at a turning point in his development, but also the history of the character, the stages of his formation, is highlighted. The fate of the hero reflects the fate of the entire era and the country (as Solzhenitsyn says, the land).
Problematic
At the center of the story moral issues... Are many worth human lives a seized plot or a decision dictated by human greed not to make a second trip with a tractor? Material values among the people are valued higher than the person himself. Thaddeus lost a son and a once beloved woman, his son-in-law is threatened with prison, and his daughter is inconsolable. But the hero thinks about how to save the logs that the workers did not manage to burn at the crossing.
Mystical motives are at the center of the story. This is the motive of the unrecognized righteous man and the problem of cursing on things that are touched by people with unclean hands who pursue selfish goals. So Thaddeus undertook to bring down Matryona's room, thereby making her cursed.
Plot and composition
The story "Matryonin's yard" has a time frame. In one paragraph, the author says that at one of the crossings and 25 years after a certain event, trains slow down. That is, the frame refers to the early 80s, the rest of the narration is an explanation of what happened at the move in 1956, in the year of the Khrushchev thaw, when "something has moved."
The hero-storyteller finds the place of his teaching in an almost mystical way, having heard a special Russian dialect at the bazaar and settled in "kondova Russia", in the village of Talnovo.
In the center of the plot is the life of Matryona. The narrator learns about her fate from herself (she talks about how Thaddeus, who disappeared in the first war, wooed her, and how she married his brother, who disappeared in the second). But the hero learns more about the silent Matryona from his own observations and from others.
The story describes in detail Matryona's hut, which stands in a picturesque place by the lake. Izba plays an important role in Matryona's life and death. To understand the meaning of the story, you need to imagine a traditional Russian hut. Matryona's hut was divided into two halves: the dwelling hut itself with a Russian stove and the upper room (it was built for the eldest son to separate him when he gets married). It is this room that Thaddeus dismantles in order to build a hut for Matryona's niece and his own daughter Kira. The hut in the story is animated. Wallpaper that has lagged behind the wall is called its inner skin.
Ficuses in tubs are also endowed with lively features, reminding the narrator of a silent, but lively crowd.
The development of an action in a story is a static state of harmonious coexistence of the narrator and Matryona, who “do not find the meaning of everyday existence in food”. The culmination of the story is the moment of the destruction of the upper room, and the work ends with the main idea and a bitter omen.
Heroes of the story
The hero-storyteller, whom Matryona calls Ignatic, makes it clear from the first lines that he has arrived from places of detention. He is looking for a job as a teacher in the wilderness, in the Russian outback. Only the third village satisfies him. Both the first and the second turn out to be corrupted by civilization. Solzhenitsyn makes it clear to the reader that he condemns the attitude of Soviet bureaucrats towards man. The narrator despises the authorities that do not appoint Matryona a pension, forcing her to work on the collective farm for sticks, not only not giving peat for the furnace, but also forbidding her to ask about it. He instantly decides not to extradite Matryona, who brewed moonshine, hides her crime, for which she faces prison.
Having experienced and seen a lot, the narrator, embodying the author's point of view, acquires the right to judge everything that he observes in the village of Talnovo - a miniature incarnation of Russia.
Matryona is the main character of the story. The author says about her: "Those people have good faces who are in harmony with their consciences." At the moment of meeting Matryona's face is yellow, and her eyes are clouded with disease.
To survive, Matryona grows small potatoes, secretly brings forbidden peat from the forest (up to 6 bags a day) and secretly mows hay for her goat.
In Matryona there was no woman's curiosity, she was delicate, she did not annoy with questions. Matryona today is a lost old woman. The author knows about her that she got married even before the revolution, that she had 6 children, but everyone quickly died, "so two did not live right away." Matryona's husband did not return from the war, but went missing. The hero suspected that he had new family somewhere abroad.
Matryona had a quality that distinguished her from the rest of the village: she disinterestedly helped everyone, even the collective farm, from which she was kicked out due to illness. There is a lot of mystical in her image. In her youth, she could lift bags of any weight, stopped a horse at a gallop, had a presentiment of her death, fearing steam locomotives. Another omen of her death is a bowler hat with holy water that disappeared out of nowhere for Epiphany.
Matryona's death seems to be an accident. But why, on the night of her death, the mice rush about like mad? The narrator assumes that it was 30 years later that Matryona's brother-in-law Thaddeus threatened to chop Matryona and his own brother who married her.
After death, Matryona's holiness is revealed. The mourners notice that she, completely crushed by the tractor, has only her right hand left to pray to God. And the narrator pays attention to her face, rather alive than dead.
The villagers speak of Matryona with disdain, not understanding her disinterestedness. The sister-in-law considers her unscrupulous, not careful, not inclined to accumulate good, Matryona did not seek her own benefit and helped others for free. Even Matryonin's cordiality and simplicity were despised by her fellow villagers.
Only after his death, the narrator realized that Matryona, “not chasing a plant,” indifferent to food and clothing, is the basis, the core of all Russia. On such a righteous man stands a village, a city and a country ("all our land"). For the sake of one righteous man, as in the Bible, God can spare the earth, keep it from fire.
Artistic identity
Matryona appears before the hero as a fabulous creature, like Baba Yaga, who reluctantly gets off the stove to feed the passing prince. She, like a fairy-tale grandmother, has animal helpers. Shortly before the death of Matryona, the bent-footed cat leaves the house, the mice, anticipating the death of the old woman, rustle especially. But cockroaches are indifferent to the fate of the mistress. Following Matryona, her favorite ficuses, similar to a crowd, die: they are of no practical value and are taken out into the cold after Matryona's death.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia was undergoing severe trials. War and famine, endless uprisings and revolutions have left their mark on the fate of people. All the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn.
In his story “ Matrenin dvor”(1959) he described the situation in the Russian countryside in the post-war years. We can say with confidence that this writer was one of the first to discover the truth about the fate of the peasantry, depicted tragic life Russian man and the reasons for his misfortune.
The inhabitants of the village Talnovo, in which the story takes place, live in terrible conditions. They have no electricity, hospitals, shops. This is how Solzhenitsyn describes the house the main character: "The wood chips rotted away, the logs of the log house and the gate, once mighty, turned black from old age, and their casing thinned out," hung on the wall for beauty. "
The plot of the story centers around the event that took place "one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometers from Moscow along the branch that goes to Murom and Kazan." The narrator made his way to Matryona's yard “from the hot dusty desert”. Fate led him to a "lonely woman of about sixty," poor and worn out by a "black affliction." It is in this "darkish hut" that the narrator finds not only the desired silence, comfort, but also a special life (a "silent, but lively crowd" of ficuses, filling the "loneliness of the hostess").
In the story "Matrenin's yard" the author depicted folk character, who managed to save himself in the terrible turmoil of the 20th century. Matryona's life was beggarly: “... Year after year, for many years, I never earned ... not a ruble. Because she was not paid a pension ... And on the collective farm she did not work for money - for sticks. " "Matryona had a lot of grievances", with her "a lot of injustices were heaped up." But, having got used to it, the heroine remains “simple-minded”, “benevolent”, “radiant”, “enlightened”.
The main thing in the image of Matryona is kindness ("good mood", "kind smile"), which overcomes all hardships and worries in her soul. No enemies ("... stole before the forest from the master, now they were pulling peat from the trust "," From office to office ... they drove her for two months ... ") could not" darken "the mood of the heroine for a long time. The "sure way to return" the inner light for her was work. Matryona worked for a collective farm, "for any relative of a distant or just a neighbor." She did all this unselfishly ("She does not take money").
Solzhenitsyn shows that the peasantry could not use the product of their labor. Everything went to the state: "excavators roared all around in the swamps, but they did not sell peat to residents, but only carried them to the authorities." The women were forced to steal peat in order to survive in the winter.
The state cut off the workers' gardens, depriving them of payment for hard work. Therefore, the people did not have confidence in him: “And what - a pension? The state is minute-by-minute. Today, you see, it gave. And tomorrow he will. ”
The heroine in the story finds herself in the center of the eternal confrontation between good and evil, trying to connect the edges of the abyss with her “conscience,” by life itself. The culmination is the moment of Matryona's death at the crossing during the transportation of the log house of her room: “At the crossing there is a hill, the entrance is steep. There is no barrier. With the first sleigh, the tractor overcame, and the cable burst, and the second sleigh ... got stuck ... in the same place ... Matryona was carried too. "
Tragic events foreshadow both Matryona's fear of the train ("I was afraid ... most of all for some reason ..."), and the loss of the bowler hat for blessing of water ("... how an unclean spirit carried him away"), and yard ... ". Even nature resists transportation - a blizzard is spinning for two days, after which a thaw begins: "For two weeks the tractor was not given a broken room!"
Among her fellow villagers Matryona remains “misunderstood”, “alien”. But, if earlier in the speech of the heroes, proverbs were used that reflected the bitter experience of people's life ("Dunno lies on the stove, and they lead the knowledge on a string ..." , then at the end of the story folk wisdom becomes the basis for evaluating the heroine: "... she is the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it."
What is the essence of Matryona's righteousness? The fact that her life is based on truth. Matryona is experiencing all the difficulties of Soviet rural life in the 1950s: having worked all her life, she is forced to work for a pension not for herself, but for her husband, who has disappeared since the beginning of the war. Unable to buy peat, which is mined everywhere around, but is not sold to collective farmers, she, like others, is forced to take it secretly. But, in spite of everything, this heroine has kept all the brightest, has kept her soul.
Creating this character, Solzhenitsyn puts him in the most ordinary circumstances of that time, with his lack of rights and disregard for to an ordinary person... And this makes Matryona's character even more valuable. The righteousness of this heroine lies in her ability to preserve her own, human, in such inaccessible conditions.
In December 1961, A. I. Solzhenitsyn presented the second story to the editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine, Tvardovsky (for familiarization). It was called "A village is not worth a righteous man", but almost immediately it was renamed "Matrenin's Dvor". The problem lay not only in the content of the work, but also in the title, which contained a "religious term." The story was published only a year later - in the January 1963 issue of the most widely read literary magazine in the USSR.
Plot tie
That time is usually called the thaw. There were certain reasons for this: many millions of recent prisoners of Stalin's camps and exiles left places with a severe frosty or desert climate and went to the European part of the Union - not to big cities(they were not allowed there), and in the villages and settlements of the middle lane. Here, among the softly rustling foliage of the forests, near the quiet rivers flowing, everything seemed sweet and cozy to the long-suffering. Nevertheless, life even in these parts was not easy. It turned out to be difficult to get a job, although it is easier than recently, when even a wheelbarrow would not have been entrusted to a former prisoner. These circumstances did not bother the narrator on whose behalf the story is being told. He felt an urgent need for quite simple things, namely: get a job in a rural school as a mathematics teacher, find a place to live. These were his "primary tasks and raised problems." He was brought to Matrenin's yard by a casual acquaintance who traded in railway station milk. There were no other options, only elderly woman... Her name was Matryona. And so their acquaintance took place.
Pension
So, it was 1956, a lot was changing in the country, but the collective farm life remained poor. Many aspects peasant life post-Stalin era, as it were in passing, illuminated Alexander Isaevich in the story "Matrenin's yard". The problem of his landlady may seem trivial to the modern reader, but in the first years of Khrushchev she faced many villagers of the vast country. The collective farm pension - a beggarly, eighty-ruble (8 rubles new, post-reform) - and that was not due to a woman who honestly worked all her life. She went to the authorities, collected some information about the income of her late husband, faced with constant stupid callousness and malevolent bureaucratic indifference, and, in the end, achieved her goal. She was given a pension, and taking into account the additional payment for housing the teacher (Ignatyich, on whose behalf the story is being told), her income acquired, by rural standards, colossal amounts - as much as one hundred and eighty rubles (18 rubles after 1961) - “you don’t have to die ".
And also a peat machine ...
Peat
Yes, this type of fuel is often used for heating in swampy areas. It seems to be enough for everyone, but in a tough Soviet reality the fifties, there was a lack of everything that people needed. This position was largely retained throughout Soviet era... No bread was baked in Vysokoe Pole, no food was sold, all this had to be carried in sacks from the regional center. But, in addition to supplying the population with food, AI Solzhenitsyn talks about another important side of peasant life in the story "Matrenin's Dvor". The problem of heating by the management of the collective farm was completely transferred to the villagers, and they solved it independently and as best they could: they stole peat. Ignatyich naively believed that a truck of fuel was a lot, that it would be enough for the whole winter, but in fact it required three times more. All the women of the village carried peat on themselves - at the risk of being caught, hiding the stolen goods from the chairman, who, of course, took care of the warmth in his house.
Personal life
House Matryona owned a spacious, once solid, but from time and absence male hands fallen into disrepair. The history of this real estate dates back to pre-revolutionary times. The hostess was married, lived here for a long time, gave birth to six children, none of whom survived. Matryona raised her niece as her own daughter, taking her from the large family of her husband's brother. There was also a background: being a bride, she was going to marry Thaddeus, her current "divir", but it did not work out. He disappeared into Germanskaya without a trace, but she did not wait, married his brother. Thaddeus later showed up, was very angry, but Matryona remained with Yefim.
The rights to real estate became the reason for the conflict that arose between the relatives, who were already deciding how they would divide Matrenin's yard. The problems and arguments presented by the future heirs caused many controversies and mystically led to the death of the woman.
Life and loneliness
The village is a special world in which its own unwritten laws rule. Matryona is considered by many to be stupid. She does not manage her household the way almost everyone does. Hostesses material problems in the work "Matrynin's Dvor" are illustrated by the absence of a cow and a pig, which the villagers usually cannot do without. She is criticized for this, although, it would seem, who cares about how a single elderly woman lives? She herself quite understandably explains the reason for such negligence. Milk is given to her by a goat, with which the hassle of feeding is much less (the prospect of feeding the shepherd does not at all smile at her, and her health leaves much to be desired). Mice, a lame cat and cockroaches, of which there are many, live from her living creatures - that's the whole "Matrenin's Dvor". The problem of senile loneliness was, is and will be.
Righteousness
Now we should remember the original version of the title of the story. What does the righteous have to do with it, and why is it orthodox concept applicable to the most ordinary peasant woman living in poverty, loneliness and not much different from many millions of women like her in total Soviet Union? How is it different from others? After all, it was not for nothing that Alexander Isaevich wanted to name his work like that? What problems does he raise in the story "Matrenin's Dvor"?
The fact is that Matryona has an important human quality... She never refuses to help others, without making a distinction between "good" and "bad." The chairman's wife, an important lady, came and with aplomb demands (does not ask) to go to work, "to help the collective farm." She does not even say hello, only notifies that you need to take with you. A sick elderly woman seems to want to refuse, but immediately wonders what time to come. As for the neighbors, then there is no need to ask Matryona - she is always ready to harness herself, not even considering it a service on her part and refusing any material reward, although it would in no way harm her. Ignatich never once heard from her a word of condemnation of anyone's actions, his mistress never gossip.
The death of Matryona
The notorious " housing problem»Really spoils ours, in general, good people... And the characters of the work also suffer from this problem. In Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor," old Faddey became the spokesman for fussy greed and excessive economy. He is eager to receive part of the inheritance, and right now. There are problems with the scaffolding: the old woman does not need an extension, he wants to disassemble it and transfer it to himself. By itself, it does not express anything bad, but it is important to note here that Thaddeus knows that Matryona cannot refuse. The problems raised in the story "Matrenin's Dvor" exist in society regardless of the level of wealth. Avarice and haste, in the end, lead to a tragic incident. The overloaded hitch of the sled with building materials breaks off at the crossing, the drivers do not notice it and collide with the tractor. People are dying, including Matryona, who, as always, has undertaken to help.
Funeral and commemoration
Subtle psychologism, irony and even gloomy humor are present in the scene of farewell to the main character of the story "Matryona's yard". The problems and arguments encoded in the funeral laments and laments of various characters are deciphered by explaining their true background. The reader involuntarily becomes offended that such sophisticated and intriguing streams of information rush over the roughly knocked together coffin of Matryona, a woman who is kind and simple-minded in her life. There are, however, and people who loved the deceased, they cry sincerely. Thaddeus, meanwhile, is busy: he urgently needs to take out the property before it disappears, and he "solves this issue", keeping up with the commemoration, which, as often happens, ends with an almost cheerful feast. All this exposes in the first place moral issues.
In the story "Matrenin's Courtyard", as in other works of A. I. Solzhenitsyn, the writer's annoyance at a vain-selfish attitude to life and faith in a good righteous beginning merge together.
A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" (1959) had an autobiographical basis. What the writer saw in a Russian village after his release was typical, and therefore especially painful. The plight of the village, which experienced the terrible years of collectivization, which fed the country during the war, which raised the destroyed economy after the hard years, so truthfully did not appear on the pages of works. Working on a collective farm for workdays instead of money, lack of pension and any gratitude ("The state is minute. Today, you see, it gave, and tomorrow it will take away") - all this is the reality of peasant life, which had to be loudly declared. Original title it was - "A village is not worth a righteous man", the final version was proposed by AT Tvardovsky.
The plot basis of the story and its problems. In the center of the story is a simple Russian peasant woman, who has drunk to the brim with the troubles of her country, her small homeland... But no life difficulties can change this sincere person, make him callous and heartless. Matryona could not refuse anyone, she helped everyone. The loss of six children did not harden the heroine: she gave all her mother's love and care adopted daughter Kire. The very life of Matryona - moral lesson, she didn’t fit into the traditional village scheme: “I didn’t chase after purchase ... I didn’t get out to buy things and then take care of them more than my life. Didn't chase outfits. For clothes that embellish freaks and villains. Not understood and abandoned even by her husband, burying six children, but not having a sociable disposition, a stranger to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, foolishly working for others for free - she did not save up property to death ... "
AI Solzhenitsyn's story is written in realistic traditions. And there is no unnecessary embellishment in it. The righteous image of the main character, for whom home is a spiritual category, is contrasted with ordinary people who strive not to miss their own and do not notice how cruelty hurts them. “Matryona did not sleep for two nights. It was not easy for her to make up her mind. It was not a pity for the upper room itself, which stood idle, no matter how much Matryona ever spared neither work nor her good. And this room was bequeathed to Kira all the same. But it was terrifying for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years. Even me, a guest, was hurt that they would begin to tear off the boards and turn out the logs at home. And for Matryona it was the end of her whole life. " The tragic end of the story is symbolic: when the upper room is dismantled, Matryona dies. And life quickly takes its toll - Thaddeus, brother-in-law
Matryona, "overcoming weakness and aches, revived and rejuvenated": he began to dismantle the barn and the fence, which were left without a mistress.
The inner light of the soul of such people illuminates the life of those around them. That is why the author says at the end of the story: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it. Neither the city. Not all our land. "
- New!
Matryona is a lonely, disadvantaged peasant woman with a generous and selfless soul. She lost her husband in the war, buried six of her own and raised other people's children. Matryona gave her pupil the most precious thing in her life - the house: “... she was not sorry ...
1. Solzhenitsyn is a chronicler of the Soviet era. 2. "Matrenin's Dvor" is a prototype of the righteous corner in the country. 3. The image of Matryona. 4. Final meaning of the story. AI Solzhenitsyn has a special place in Russian literature of the 20th century. He is like a chronicler of this era, ...
"In the summer of 1953, I returned from the dusty hot desert at random - just to Russia." These lines open the story of Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor", an amazing fusion of document and high fiction... The manuscript, however, indicated 1956, but, on the advice ...
Solzhenitsyn's story \ "Matryonin's yard \" touches upon topics such as the moral and spiritual life of the people, the struggle for survival, the contradiction between personality and society, the relationship between power and man. \ "Matryonin's yard \" is written entirely ...
Written simply and about the simple, everyday. The main character is Matryona, she has an unusual fate. Her beloved Fadey was taken prisoner during the war. She married his younger brother, and after a while Fadey returned. I missed, got married only when I found ...
Several of Solzhenitsyn's works were published in the Novy Mir magazine, including Matrenin's Dvor. The story, according to the writer, is "completely autobiographical and authentic." It talks about the Russian village, about its inhabitants, about their values, about goodness, justice, sympathy and compassion, work and help - qualities that fit in a righteous man, without whom "the village is not worth it."
"Matrenin Dvor" is a story about the injustice and cruelty of a person's fate, about the Soviet order of the post-Stalin era and about the life of the most ordinary people living far from city life. The narration is conducted not on behalf of the main character, but on behalf of the narrator, Ignatyich, who, in the whole story, seems to play the role of only an outside observer. The story described in the story dates from 1956 - three years have passed since the death of Stalin, and then Russian people still did not know and did not realize how to live on.
"Matrenin Dvor" is divided into three parts:
- The first tells the story of Ignatyich, it begins at the Torfprodukt station. The hero immediately reveals his cards, without making any secret out of this: he is a former prisoner, and now he works as a teacher at a school, he came there in search of peace and tranquility. In Stalin's time, it was almost impossible for people who were in prison to find a job, and after the death of the leader, many became school teachers (a scarce profession). Ignatyich stops with an elderly hardworking woman named Matryona, with whom he is easy to communicate and calm in his soul. Her dwelling was poor, the roof sometimes leaked, but that did not mean at all that there was no comfort in it: “Maybe, to some of the village, who is richer, Matryona's hut did not seem to be kind, but we were quite happy with her that autumn and winter good. "
- The second part tells about Matryona's youth, when she had to go through a lot. The war took her fiancé Fadey away from her, and she had to marry his brother, who still had children in his arms. Taking pity on him, she became his wife, although she did not love him at all. But three years later, Fadey suddenly returned, whom the woman still loved. The returning warrior hated her and her brother for their betrayal. But a hard life could not kill her kindness and hard work, because it was in work and caring for others that she found consolation. Even Matryona died, doing business - she helped her lover and her sons to drag a part of her house across the railway tracks, which was bequeathed to Kira (his daughter). And this death entailed the greed, greed and callousness of Fadey: he decided to take away the inheritance while Matryona was still alive.
- The third part tells how the narrator learns about Matryona's death, describes the funeral and commemoration. People who are close to her do not cry out of grief, but rather because it is so customary, and in their heads they only have thoughts about the division of the property of the deceased. Fadey is not at the commemoration.
main characters
Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is an elderly woman, a peasant woman who was released from work on a collective farm due to illness. She was always happy to help people, even strangers. In the episode, when the narrator settles in her hut, the author mentions that she deliberately never looked for a tenant, that is, she did not want to earn money on this basis, she did not even profit from what she could. Her wealth was pots of figs and an old domestic cat, which she took on the street, a goat, as well as mice and cockroaches. Marrying the brother of her fiancé Matryona also came out of a desire to help: "Their mother died ... they did not have enough hands."
Matryona herself also had children, six, but all died in early childhood, so she took Fadey's youngest daughter, Kira, for upbringing. Matryona got up early in the morning, worked until nightfall, but did not show any fatigue or discontent to anyone: she was kind and responsive to everyone. She was always very afraid of becoming a burden to someone, did not complain, even to call a doctor was once again afraid. The matured Kira Matryona wanted to give her room as a gift, for which it was necessary to divide the house - during the move, Fadey's things got stuck in a sled on the railway tracks, and Matryona was hit by a train. Now there was no one to ask for help, there was no person who was ready to disinterestedly come to the rescue. But the relatives of the deceased kept in mind only the thought of profit, of dividing what was left of the poor peasant woman, already thinking about it at the funeral. Matryona stood out very strongly against the background of her fellow villagers, she was thus irreplaceable, inconspicuous and the only righteous person.
Narrator, Ignatyevich, to some extent is the prototype of the writer. He left the link and was acquitted, after which he set out in search of a calm and serene life, he wanted to work school teacher... He found refuge with Matryona. Judging by the desire to move away from the bustle of the city, the narrator is not very sociable, he loves silence. He worries when a woman mistakenly picks up his quilted jacket, and he cannot find a place for himself from the loudness of the loudspeaker. The narrator got along with the mistress of the house, this shows that he is still not entirely antisocial. Nevertheless, he does not understand people very well: he understood the meaning that Matryona lived only after she passed away.
Topics and problems
Solzhenitsyn in his story "Matrenin's Dvor" tells about the life of the inhabitants of the Russian countryside, about the system of power-man relationships, about the high sense of selfless labor in the realm of selfishness and greed.
Of all this, the theme of labor is most clearly shown. Matryona is a person who does not ask for anything in return, and is ready to give himself everything for the good of others. They do not appreciate her and do not even try to understand, and after all, this is a person who experiences tragedy every day: at first, the mistakes of youth and the pain of loss, after that - frequent illnesses, hysterical work, not life, but survival. But from all the problems and hardships Matryona finds solace in her work. And, in the end, it is work and backbreaking work that brings her to death. The meaning of Matryona's life is exactly this, and also care, help, a desire to be needed. Therefore, active love for others is the main theme of the story.
The problem of morality also occupies an important place in the story. Material values in the village are exalted above human soul and her work, over humanity in general. Understand the depth of Matryona's character minor heroes they are simply incapable: greed and the desire to have more obscures their eyes and does not allow them to see kindness and sincerity. Fadey lost his son and wife, his son-in-law is threatened with imprisonment, but his thoughts are occupied with how to save the logs that they did not have time to burn.
In addition, the story has a theme of mysticism: the motive of an unidentified righteous man and the problem of damned things - which were touched by people full of self-interest. Fadey made the upper room of Matryona's hut cursed, undertaking to bring it down.
Idea
The aforementioned themes and problems in the story "Matrenin's Dvor" are aimed at revealing the depth of the main character's pure worldview. An ordinary peasant woman serves as an example of the fact that difficulties and losses only temper the Russian person, and do not break him. With the death of Matryona, everything that she figuratively built collapses. Her house is pulled apart, the remnants of the property are divided among themselves, the yard remains empty, ownerless. Therefore, her life looks pitiful, no one realizes the loss. But won't the same happen to palaces and jewels the mighty of the world this? The author demonstrates the frailty of the material and teaches us not to judge others by wealth and achievements. The true meaning is moral character, which does not fade even after death, because it remains in the memory of those who saw its light.
Perhaps, over time, the heroes will notice that they are missing a very important part of their life: invaluable values. Why reveal global moral problems in such a miserable setting? And what then is the meaning of the title of the story "Matrenin's yard"? The last words that Matryona was a righteous woman erase the boundaries of her court and push them to the scale of the whole world, thereby making the problem of morality universal.
Folk character in the work
Solzhenitsyn argued in the article “Repentance and Self-Restriction”: “There are such inborn angels, they seem to be weightless, they slide as if over this slurry, not drowning in it at all, even touching its surface with their feet? Each of us met such, they are not ten and not one hundred in Russia, these are the righteous, we saw them, were surprised ("eccentrics"), used their good, in good minutes answered them in the same way, they dispose - and immediately plunged again into our doomed depth. "
Matrona is distinguished from the rest by the ability to preserve humanity and a solid core inside. To those who shamelessly used her help and kindness, it might seem that she is weak-willed and malleable, but the heroine helped, proceeding only from inner disinterestedness and moral greatness.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!
