Culture in the Renaissance. Presentation "Artistic culture of the Renaissance. Presentation on cultural studies culture of the Renaissance
Artistic culture of the Renaissance.
The Renaissance is one of the brightest periods in the history of the development of European culture.
Renaissance is a whole cultural epoch in the process of transition from the Middle Ages to modern times, during which a cultural revolution (turning point, shift) took place. Fundamental changes are associated with the elimination of the ancient Christian mythological worldview. Despite the origin of the term "Renaissance", strictly speaking, there was no revival of antiquity and could not be. A person cannot go back to his past. The Renaissance, using the lessons of antiquity, introduced innovations. He brought back to life not all ancient genres, but only those that were consonant with the aspirations of his time and culture. The Renaissance combined a new reading of antiquity with a new reading of Christianity. The revival brought these two fundamental principles of European culture closer together.
The concept of "Renaissance" is multifaceted. Those who argue about him did not come to a common opinion. Some consider it "paganism", "anti-Christianity", while others, on the contrary, see it as Christian-Catholic elements, looking for its roots in Christian culture. The attitude to this problem reveals the worldview of the researchers themselves.
Among the definitions of the cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance there is no generally accepted one. Art critics, historians, thinkers, writers offer their explanations for this phenomenon, paying attention to different signs. If we group together many of the most common features, we can understand the cultural meaning of the Renaissance as:
— flourishing of culture;
— a revolution in culture;
— transitional cultural stage;
— restoration of antiquity.
Each of these signs can manifest itself independently of the Renaissance, but only their complex forms a qualitatively new stage of culture. European Renaissance - a time of powerful cultural flourishing and restoration of many cultural traditions of Greco-Roman antiquity; decisive cultural restructuring and a transitional stage to a new time in the history of European civilization.
The names of Petrarch, Boccaccio, Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo can be proclaimed symbols of the Renaissance culture.
The main thing in the Renaissance is the advancement and establishment of the human personality in culture and society, which results in various forms of revivalist anthropocentrism.
There is a formation of the foundations of the new European sense of personality - an autonomous individualistic personality, conscious of its own value, actively acting and experiencing the need for freedom. From this moment on, the human personality, and not the world, not the whole, for the first time becomes the starting point for the formation of a system of perception of the world. This grandiose cultural change takes place in the Renaissance - a new way of worldview was formed in Italy in the first half of the 15th century. The human personality is affirmed in culture. For the first time there was a separation of this personality, its separation from the world.
As a result, the whole world disintegrated into separate individualized things that began to withdraw into themselves. However, in the Renaissance, this process was not yet completed, being limited mainly to man and much less spreading to other things in the world.
The result was the transfer of a person to the center of the material world, which is gradually expanding and overshadowing the upper world, and, consequently, the advancement of the material world to the fore and the transformation of the person himself into an active creative force in him. Anthropocentrism of the first half of the 15th century. brought to the fore not just a person, but a person as an active, active principle.
In this regard, the problem of human dignity was sharply posed, which is established within its framework quite uncompromisingly precisely in the material sense. One of the main values of the revival was the concept of "glory" as a goal towards which a person should move.
As a result of all this assertion of the creative, active material principle, a new image of a person gradually began to emerge, a new type of him - "homo faber" - "man-creator", "man-creator", "man-producer", the essence of which ultimately emerged , into a capacious aphoristic formula: "a man is the smith of his own happiness."
Humanity has its own biography: infancy, adolescence and maturity. The era, which is called the Renaissance, is most likely to be likened to the period of incipient maturity with its inherent romance, the search for individuality, the struggle with the prejudices of the past. Without the Renaissance, there would be no modern civilization. The art of the Renaissance arose on the basis of humanism (from Lat. - "humane") - the current of social thought, which originated in the XIV d-in Italy, and then during the second half of the XV-XVI centuries. spread to other European countries. All major forms of art - painting, graphics, sculpture, architecture - have changed tremendously.
In architecture, creatively revised principles of the ancient order system were established, new types of public buildings were formed. Painting was enriched with a linear and aerial perspective, knowledge of the anatomy and proportions of the human body. The earthly content penetrated into the traditional religious themes of works of art. Interest in ancient mythology and history has increased. everyday scenes, landscape, portrait. Along with the monumental wall paintings that adorn architectural structures, painting appeared, and oil painting appeared.
Art had not yet completely separated from craft, but the first place was already taken by the creative individuality of the artist, whose activities at that time were extremely diverse. The universal talent of the Renaissance masters is striking - they often worked in the field of architecture, sculpture, painting, combined their passion for literature. poetry and philosophy with the study of the exact sciences. The concept of a creatively rich, or “Renaissance personality” later became a household name.
In the art of the Renaissance, the paths of scientific and artistic comprehension of the world and man were closely intertwined. Its cognitive meaning was inextricably linked with sublime poetic beauty; in its striving for naturalness, it did not descend to petty everyday life. Art has become a universal spiritual need.
The formation of the Renaissance culture in Italy took place in economically independent cities. In the rise and flowering of Renaissance art, the Church and the magnificent courts of uncrowned sovereigns (ruling wealthy families), the largest patrons and the customer of paintings, sculptures and architecture, played an important role. The main centers of the Renaissance culture were first the cities of Florence, Siena, Pisa, then Padua. Ferrara, Genoa. Milan and later than everyone else, in the second half of the 15th century, was the wealthy merchant Venice. In the 16th century Rome became the capital of the Italian Renaissance. Since that time, local art centers. except Venice, have lost their former meaning./data/files/s1473707573.ppt (Renaissance Culture)
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Stages of the Renaissance 1. Earlier Renaissance roughly coincides with the 15th century 2. High Renaissance first quarter of the 16th century. 3. Late Renaissance 1520-1600.
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Florence (XII - XIII centuries) - the cradle of the Renaissance. Medici - patronized the sciences and culture. Culture - freedom, but dependence on the orders of patrons. Associated with a new secular worldview expressed by humanists, culture loses its inextricable connection with religion, painting and a statue spread outside the temple. Dante (1265 - 1321) - Divine Comedy.
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The Early Renaissance period in Italy spans from 1420 to 1500. During these eighty years, art has not yet completely abandoned the traditions of the recent past, but is trying to mix with them elements borrowed from classical antiquity. Madonna and Child Albertinelli Mariotto
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Sandro Botticelli Madonna with the book Sandro Botticelli The Birth of Venus Early Renaissance
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Around 1500, in the work of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Santi, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Giorgione, Titian, Italian painting and sculpture reached their highest point, entering the era of the High Renaissance. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 - 1564) Sculpture of David, painting of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Masters of the 15th century (first of all LB Alberti, P. della Francesco) created the theory of fine arts and architecture.
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High Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) Encyclopedist. Mona Lisa, architectural projects, technical inventions (prototypes of aircraft, printing press, machine gun, the world's first bicycle, the first tank in history). ... Girl with an ermine Maholet
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Raphael Santi (1483 - 1520) - portraits, sculptures, painting of cathedrals. Among the heroes are ordinary people.
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Due to the economic crisis of the 14th century, the Renaissance period in architecture began only at the beginning of the 15th century and lasted until the beginning of the 17th century in Italy and longer beyond its borders. Renaissance architecture loses its Gothic aspiration to the sky, acquires "classical" balance and proportionality, proportionality to the human body. Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence.
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Great architects of the Renaissance: F. Brunelleschi D. Bramante Raphael Santi Michelangelo
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Late Renaissance The classical ideal of the High Renaissance associated with the humanism of the 15th century quickly lost its significance, not responding to the new historical situation (Italy lost its independence) and spiritual climate (Italian humanism became more tragic). The work of Michelangelo, Titian takes on dramatic tension and tragedy.
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Professional music loses its character of purely ecclesiastical art and is influenced by folk music. The art of vocal and vocal-instrumental polyphony reaches a high level in the works of representatives of Ars nova (New Art) in Italy and France in the 14th century. Various genres of secular musical art appear - frottola and villanella in Italy, villancio in Spain, ballad in England, madrigal, which arose in Italy (Luca Marenzio, J. Arcadelt, Gesualdo da Venosa), but became widespread, French polyphonic song. Frottola sounds Renaissance music
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In Italy, the art of making bowed instruments flourishes. "Struggle" of two types of bowed instruments - the viola (aristocratic environment), and the violin - an instrument of folk origin. The Renaissance era ends with the emergence of new musical genres - solo song, cantata, oratorio and opera.
The Renaissance, or the Renaissance (French Renaissance, Italian Rinascimento) is one of the brightest eras in the history of European culture, which replaced
culture of the Middle Ages and
preceding the culture of the new
time. It got its name in
connection with the revival of interest in the antique
art as an ideal, a model. Approximate
chronological framework of the era of the XIV-XVI centuries
Renaissance
Revival originated inItaly. It is solid
established only from the 20s
years of the XV century. In France,
Germany and other countries
this movement began
much later. By the end
XV century it reached its
the highest flowering. In the XVI
the century is brewing a crisis of ideas
Renaissance, consequence
what is the emergence
mannerism and baroque.
Architecture Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence. Pearl of Renaissance architecture
Greatest floweringRenaissance
architecture survived in
Italy, leaving after
himself two cities of monuments: Florence and
Venice. Over creation
buildings worked there
great architects -
Filippo Brunelleschi,
Leon Battista Alberti,
Donato Bramante,
Giorgio Vasari and
a lot others. Pazzi Chapel architect Brunelleschi
Dome of St. Maria del
Fiore, Brunelleschi,
Rosselino, 1420-1436,
1446-1470, Florence
Palazzo Pitti architect Brunelleschi Church
Santa MariaNovella
Alberti,
1456-1470
Florence Palazzo
Pitti
Ammanati
Bartolomeo
1560-1565,
Florence
Sculpture
The foundersculptures
Renaissance was
Donatello. One of
his main merits -
revival so
called round
statues. It laid
development fundamentals
sculptures
subsequent
time. Most
mature work
statue of David.
Saint Mark
Statue of david
Judith and Olifernes
art
From all areas of culture, artranked first in Italy.
Of all the arts, the first
belonged to pictorial
art and architecture.
The "fathers" of the Renaissance are called
painter Masaccio, sculptor
Donatello, architect Brunelleschi.
Periods of the era Early Renaissance
Period socalled
"Early
Renaissance "
covers itself in
Italy time since 1420
until 1500.
Botticelli. Madonna of the Pomegranate.
OK. 1490 g.
Painting. Sandro Botticelli
"Spring""The Birth of Venus"
High Renaissance
Second Renaissance period - timethe most magnificent development of his style -
commonly referred to as "High
Renaissance ", it extends into
Italy from about 1500 to 1580
year. At this time, the center of gravity
Italian art from Florence
moves to Rome thanks to
accession to the papal throne Julius
II. With this dad and his closest
successors, Rome becomes, as it were
new Athens of the time of Pericles: in
it creates many
monumental buildings, performed
magnificent sculptural
works, frescoes and
paintings still considered
pearls of painting; while all
three branches of art are harmonious
hand in hand, helping one another and
mutually acting on each other.
Antique is now studied more
thoroughly reproduced from
greater rigor and
sequence; calmness and
dignity is established and completely
a classic imprint on everything
creating art.
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Late Renaissance
Third periodRenaissance
extends into
Of Italy
circa 3090s XVI century.
Representative
this period
is the artist
Titian
Titian
Northern Renaissance
Renaissance period in the territories of the Netherlands,Germany and France are usually separated into a separate
style direction with some differences
with the Renaissance in Italy, and call the "Northern
Revival ".
Chambord Castle in France. 1519-1547.
Northern Renaissance artists
Hans BaldungHieronymus Bosch
Pieter Bruegel
Albrecht Durer
Lucas Cranach
Hans Holbein
Jan van Eyck
Hieronymus Bosch Carrying the Cross The Prodigal Son
Jan van Eyck
Portrait of Jan van EyckMadonna canon van der Palais
Madonna of Chancellor Rolen
Ghent altarpiece
Portrait of the Arnolfini couple
Pieter Bruegel Sr.
1Pieter Bruegel Sr.
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3
4
5
6
Albrecht Durer
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3
4
5
6
The science
Paracelsus andVesalius,
Jean Boden and
Niccolo Machiavelli
Thomas More,
Tommaso
Campanello
Holbein G. Portrait of Thomas More. 1527
Philosophy
Nikolay KuzanskyLeonardo Bruni
Marsilio Ficino
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
Manetti
Pietro Pomponazzi
Jean Boden
Montaigne
Thomas More
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Martin Luther
Campanella
Giordano Bruno
Literature
Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-
1375)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-
1527)
Ludoviko Ariosto (1474-
1533)
Torquato Tasso (1544-1595)
monuments of the era:
Boccaccio's Decameron, Don
Quixote "Cervantes, and
especially in Gargantua and
Pantagruele »Francois
Rabelais.
Music
Flemish composer of the 15th century. G. DufayVarious genres emerge
secular musical
arts - frottola and
villanella in Italy,
Villancico in Spain, ballad
in England, madrigal originated
in italy
L. Marenzio, J.
Arcadelt, Gesualdo yes
Venous.
Josquin Despres, Orlando di
Lasso.
K. Janeken, K. Lejeune.
Renaissance
ends with the emergence of new
musical genres -
solo songs, cantatas,
oratorios and operas
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Renaissance
2
Renaissance - the era of flourishing of culture in the countries of Western Europe in the 15-16th centuries. In its classical form, the culture of the Renaissance developed in the cities of Northern and Central Italy. The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in literature, art, philosophy of Ancient Greece and Rome. The real world and man were proclaimed the highest value: Man is the measure of all things. The aesthetic ideal of the Renaissance was formed on the basis of a new worldview - humanism (recognition of the value of the human person). The role of the creative personality has especially increased.
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Renaissance
Italian Renaissance 1. Proto-Renaissance (12-13th centuries) 2. Early Renaissance (15th century) 3. High Renaissance (15th-early 16th centuries) 4. Late Renaissance (Tue half of 16th century) Northern Renaissance
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Proto-renaissance
Proto-Renaissance is a period in the history of Italian art, spanning the 13th and 14th centuries, characterized by the growth of secular realistic tendencies and an appeal to ancient traditions. Giotto. Fresco "Kiss of Judas"
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The era of joyful discovery of the world. Center - Florence. Architect Filippo Brunelleschi. The idea of an open space "ideal city".
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Early Renaissance (15th century - quattrocento)
Donatello "David"
Masaccio "Expulsion from Paradise"
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High Renaissance by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, scientist and engineer. The founder of the artistic culture of the High Renaissance .. The artist, developing the traditions of the art of the Early Renaissance, emphasized the smooth volume of forms with soft chiaroscuro, sometimes enlivened the faces with a barely perceptible smile, achieving with its help the transfer of subtle states of mind. Leonardo da Vinci strove for sharpness in the transfer of facial expressions, and brought the physical features and movement of the human body into perfect harmony with the spiritual atmosphere of the composition.
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"Lady with an Ermine"
"Madonna of the Rocks" "Madonna Litta"
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Leonardo da Vinci "The Last Supper"
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High Renaissance Raphael
Raphael (1483-1520), Italian painter and architect. In his work, the humanistic ideas of the High Renaissance about a beautiful and perfect person living in harmony with the world, the ideals of life-affirming beauty characteristic of the era, were embodied with the greatest clarity.
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Madonna Conestabile
Sistine Madonna
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High Renaissance Michelangelo Buonarroti
On the vault of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, the artist created a grandiose, solemn, easily visible in general and in detail composition, perceived as a hymn to physical and spiritual beauty, as an affirmation of the unlimited creative possibilities of God and a man created in his image
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"David" "Pieta"
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Late Renaissance (Venice. 16th century)
Giorgione "Sleeping Venus" Titian "Venus of Urbino"
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Northern Renaissance
A. Durer. Self-portrait at age 13
Engraving "Four Horsemen" from the cycle "Apocalypse"
Renaissance culture
The transitional era that went between medieval and capitalist times is called in history the Renaissance or Renaissance. The historical homeland of this time is Italy.
Renaissance culture is a type of culture in which people come first. A distinctive feature of this time is the denial of the divine creation and the supremacy of mankind in the world.
In western Europe, the Renaissance culture was one step faster than in Asia and Eastern Europe. However, in each country at this time, its own characteristics appeared.
Stages of development of the culture of the Renaissance
Early revival
High revival
Late Renaissance
The cultural upsurge in this era went in parallel with the sharp development of science and craft. The main achievements were achieved by Europe in the following areas of art:
Architecture
Painting
Poetry and Literature
Philosophy
sculpture
Renaissance painting
A characteristic feature of Renaissance painting is realism. At its core, the visual arts were based on the depiction of man and nature. In the period of the late Renaissance, notes of mysticism are noticeable in the works of painters.
Notable Renaissance painters
Michelangelo
Giotto da Bondone
Sandro Botticelli
Leonardo da Vinci, etc.
Philosophy
Philosophy, as a science, began to develop rapidly during the Renaissance. The famous works of Zh-J Rousseau, Montesquieu, etc. spread the thoughts of freedom, equality, human independence. On the basis of their works, state documents and declarations appeared.
Well-known Shakespeare, Francesca Petrarch, Dite Alighieri and others are the founders of the Italian poetry of the Renaissance. Freethinking and anthropogonism are also traced in their works.
Renaissance architecture
In the architectural buildings of this time, there is a return to antiquity. The very name of the era comes from the phrase "the revival of antiquity." A return to geometric shapes, laconicism, symmetrical structures, as in the era of antiquity, is inherent in the Renaissance.
Famous Renaissance architects
Filippo Brunelleschi
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Donatello
Leon Battista Alberti, etc.
Sculpture
The development of sculpture is most clearly represented by the works of the sculptors of the Pisa school, headed by Pisano, respectively. The sculptures are based on calm flowing silhouettes, traditional motives and plots.
The Renaissance is the era of the highest flowering of culture, science and political soap in the history of mankind.
