Presentation on the theme of tradition and life of the Cossacks. Presentation "Traditions of the Kuban Cossacks
My name is Marat. I study in 4 "B" class of secondary school №1 which is located in one of the oldest buildings of st. Poltava.
In our class there are classes of the "Kuban Rainbow" circle. Attending the classes of the circle, I learned how the Cossacks were born in the Kuban, what were the dwellings, what crafts the Cossacks were engaged in, what clothes they wore, how zealously they loved and defended their homeland. Conversations about the Cossacks fascinated me so much that I decided, together with the head of the circle and my mother, to study deeper the life and customs of the Cossacks .
Public buildings - ataman rule, schools were built of bricks, with iron roofs. They still adorn the Kuban stanitsa.
Brick building of the village administration 1909 Poltava
Administration of a rural settlement 2008 Art. Poltava.
The house usually had two rooms: a large and a small hut. The small house contained a stove and long wooden benches. Table.
The great hut contained custom-made furniture: a cupboard; ("Slide" or "square"). Dresser for linen, chests.
The central place in the house was the "red corner" - "goddess". "Bozhnitsa" - one or more icons, decorated with towels, and a table - a square. Often icons and towels were decorated with paper flowers. In the "shrine" they kept objects of sacred or ritual significance:
wedding candles, "pasquies", Easter eggs, pastries, prayer records, memorial books.
A very common detail of a Cossack hut is photographs on the wall. Small photo studios appeared in the Kuban villages already in the 70s. XIX v. Photographed on special occasions: seeing off to the army, wedding, funeral
- Arkhaluk - "spinogrey" - an average between a quilted Tatar robe and a caftan.
- Hoodie - cloak made of sheep wool with a hood.
- Bashlyk - headdress, hood.
Cossack form was established in the middle XIX v.; Circassian coat made of black cloth, dark wide trousers, beshmet, headwear, winter cloak, hat, boots or leggings.
A feature of the Cossack women's costume was head capes. Women are not allowed to go to the temple bareheaded. Cossacks wore lace scarves, and in the 19th century. - caps, fayshonki from the German word "fine" - beautiful), tattoos and currents. They were worn in full accordance with marital status - a married woman was never shown without a fayishka or a tattoo. The girl covered her head and always braided a braid with a ribbon. They all wore lace handkerchiefs. Without him, the appearance of a woman in public was as inconceivable as the appearance of a combatant Cossack without a cap or hat.
- From the age of 7-9, girls in the Cossack family were accustomed to weaving and spinning, and until they came of age, they managed to prepare a dowry for themselves from several tens of meters of linen: towels, "table-top", shirts.
The main food of the Kuban family was wheat bread, meat, fish, vegetables and fruits.
The most popular was borsch, which was cooked with sauerkraut, beans, meat, lard, and on fast days - with vegetable oil. Each housewife had borscht of her own unique taste.
Cossacks loved dumplings, dumplings. They understood a lot about fish: they salted it, dried it, boiled it. They salted and dried fruits for the winter, cooked compotes (uzvars), jam, made watermelon honey, made fruit marshmallows; honey was widely used, and wine was made from grapes. In the Kuban, they ate more meat and meat dishes (especially poultry, pork and lamb) than in other parts of Russia. However, lard and fat were also very much appreciated here, since meat products were often used as a seasoning for dishes.
Extremely strictly in the Cossack environment, along with the commandments of the Lord, traditions, customs, beliefs, which were a vital necessity of every Cossack family, were observed, non-compliance or violation of them was condemned by all residents of the farm or stanitsa, village.
I've done the work
student 4 "B" class MBOU secondary school №1
Art. Poltava Krasnoarmeisky district
Ibrahimov Marat.
Supervisor:
primary school teacher
Bondarenko Svetlana Semyonovna
353800 st. Poltava
Krasnoarmeyskiy district
Krasnodar region.
Tel. 4 - 13 - 63
Art. Poltava 2015
Slide 1
CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS, MORES OF THE COSSACKS
A Cossack cannot consider himself a Cossack if he does not know and does not observe the traditions and customs of the Cossacks.
Slide 2
Extremely strictly in the Cossack environment, along with the commandments of the Lord, traditions, customs, beliefs, which were a vital necessity of every Cossack family, were observed, non-compliance or violation of them was condemned by all residents of the farm or stanitsa, village.
Unwritten Cossack domestic laws: 1. Respect for elders. 2. Immeasurable respect for the guest. 3. Respect for a woman (mother, sister, wife).
Slide 3
Cossack and parents
The veneration of parents, godfather and godmother was not just a custom, but an inner need to take care of their son and daughter. The filial and filial duty to the parents was considered fulfilled after the commemoration of the fortieth day was celebrated, after their departure to another world.
The authority of the father and mother was not only indisputable, but so revered that without the blessing of the parents they did not start any work, did not make decisions on the most important matters.
Restraint, politeness and respect were observed in dealing with parents and with elders in general. In the Kuban, they turned to their father and mother only for "you" - "you, mother", "you, tattoo."
Slide 4
Attitude towards elders
Respect for an elder is one of the main customs of the Cossacks.
In the presence of a senior, it was not allowed to sit, smoke, talk (to enter without his permission), and even more so - to speak obscenely. It was considered obscene to overtake an old man (older in age), it was required to ask permission to pass. When entering somewhere, the eldest is skipped first. It was considered indecent for the younger to enter into conversations in the presence of the elder. The younger is obliged to give way to the old man (senior). The younger one must show patience and endurance, on any occasion, do not contradict. The words of the elder were obligatory for the younger. During general (joint) events and decision-making, the opinion of the senior was necessarily requested. In conflict situations, disputes, strife, fights, the word of the old man (senior) was decisive and its immediate implementation was required. In general, among the Cossacks and especially among the Kuban residents, respect for the elders was an internal need in the Kuban, even in the address you rarely hear - "grandfather", "old" and so on, and affectionately pronounced "dad", "dad".
Slide 5
Cossacks and guests
Immeasurable respect for the guest was due to the fact that the guest was considered a messenger of God. The most dear and welcome guest was considered a stranger from distant places in need of shelter, rest and care. The one who did not show respect to the guest was deservedly contemptuous.
Slide 6
Regardless of the age of the guest, he was given the best place to eat and relax. It was considered indecent to ask a guest for 3 days where he is from and what is the purpose of his arrival. Even the old man gave way, although the guest was younger than him. The Cossacks considered it a rule: wherever he went on business, to visit, he never took food either for himself or for the horse.
Along with hospitality, the Cossacks were distinguished by extraordinary honesty. As the Catholic priest Kitovich testifies, it was possible to leave money on the street in Sich without fear of being stolen. It was considered the sacred duty of every Cossack to feed and treat a passer-by with his wine.
Slide 7
Attitude towards a woman
Respect for a woman - mother, wife, sister, determined the concept of honor of a Cossack woman, honor of a daughter, sister, wife - the dignity of a man was measured by the honor and behavior of a woman.
Whoever a woman was, she had to be treated with respect and protected - for a woman is the future of your people.
Slide 8
A Cossack woman addressed an unfamiliar Cossack with the word "man". The word "man" was considered offensive by the Cossacks.
A Cossack woman considered it a great sin and shame for herself to appear in public (society) with her head uncovered, wear a man's type of clothing and cut her hair.
Slide 9
A Cossack addressed an unfamiliar Cossack woman, as a rule, to an older woman, "mother", and an equal - "sister", to the youngest - "daughter" (granddaughter). As a greeting to each other, the Cossacks slightly raised their headdress and, with a handshake, inquired about the state of health of the family, about the state of affairs. The Cossacks bowed to the man for his greeting, and hugged each other with a kiss and conversation.
Slide 10
Children and younger Cossacks addressed them as relatives, acquaintances and strangers, calling them “uncle,” “aunt,” “aunt,” “uncle,” and, if they knew, called their name. An elderly Cossack (Cossack woman) was addressed: "dad", "dad", "didu", "baba", "bunny", "grandmother", adding, if they knew, the name.
Without prayer, they did not start or finish any business or meal - even in the field.
Children under the age of majority were not allowed to be at the table during a walk, receiving guests and, in general, in the presence of strangers. And it was not just forbidden to sit at the table, but also to be in the room where the feast or the conversation of the elders is taking place.
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Cossack in everyday life
The Cossacks loved the feast, communication, they also loved to drink, but not to get drunk, but to sing songs, have fun, dance. At the table at the Cossacks' table, vodka was not poured, but brought on a tray (tray), and if someone had already intercepted the "excess", then they simply carried him around, or even sent to sleep it off.
For a long period, the Cossacks used to have men's conversations (walking separately from women) and women's conversations without men. And when they got together (weddings, christenings, name days), women sat on one side of the table, and men - on the other.
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The Cossack never returned after a long absence from home without gifts, and when visiting guests and guests did not go without a present.
Another characteristic detail of the Cossack life: the Cossack perceived clothes as the second skin of the body, kept it clean and tidy and never allowed himself to wear someone else's clothes.
Slide 13
Anyone who does not respect the customs of his people, does not keep them in his heart, he dishonors not only his people, but above all does not respect himself, his family, his ancient ancestors.
Slide 2
The traditional appearance of the Cossacks.
Traditionally, in Russia, the mustache was an integral part of the military uniform. The hat played an integral role in the appearance of the Cossack. ... The hat that was knocked off the head, as well as the headscarf torn from the woman, was a mortal insult, followed by a bloody retribution. Earrings (for men) meant the role and place of the Cossack in the family. The Cossack simply had to be charming, cheerful, friendly and witty.
Slide 3
Meeting and seeing off the Cossacks.
According to custom, all the Cossacks who left for the service gathered in the church for a prayer service. Leaving for the war, they necessarily took a handful of land from the church or to the cemetery from the grave of their father, mother, or in the garden near the house. The Cossacks were met not only by relatives and friends, but also by all the inhabitants of the village.
Slide 4
Greetings and addresses.
The greeting sounded in three versions (derived from "great"): "We had a great day!" (afternoon, rather evening), "had a great night!" (morning, before lunch), "you are living great!" (Anytime). As a greeting to each other, the Cossacks slightly raised their headdress and, with a handshake, inquired about the state of health of the family, about the state of affairs. At the meeting, after a long separation, as well as at parting, the Cossacks hugged and pressed their cheeks. Kissing greeted each other on the Great Feast of the Resurrection of Christ, Easter, and kissing was allowed only among men and separately - among women.
Slide 5
Attitude towards elders.
In the presence of a senior, it was not allowed to sit, smoke, talk (to enter without his permission), and even more so - to speak obscenely. It was considered obscene to overtake an old man (older in age), it was required to ask permission to pass. When entering somewhere, the eldest is skipped first. It was considered indecent for the younger to enter into conversations in the presence of the elder. The younger is obliged to give way to the old man (senior). The younger one must show patience and endurance, on any occasion, do not contradict. The words of the elder were obligatory for the younger. During general (joint) events and decision-making, the opinion of the senior was necessarily requested. In conflict situations, disputes, strife, fights, the word of the old man (senior) was decisive and its immediate implementation was required. In general, among the Cossacks and especially among the Kuban residents, respect for the elders was an internal need in the Kuban, even in the address you rarely hear - "grandfather", "old" and so on, and affectionately pronounced "dad", "dad".
Slide 6
Memorial rite
For a Cossack, death was considered worthy on the battlefield or in the bosom of the family. The Cossacks were buried according to the Orthodox rite. The body of the deceased was washed: men - men, women - women. Only new clothes were put on the deceased. The underwear was sewn by hand. They carried the coffin in their arms. It was the responsibility of the son and relatives to spend the last journey of the parent. Buried on the third day. And they always arranged a commemoration: on the day of the funeral, on the 9th and 40th days and on the anniversary of death. When a person was dying in the village, they "called to their liking." If a child was dying, then the ringing of the bell was high; if an elderly person was dying, the ringing was low.
Slide 7
Cossack traditions and customs were based on one basis - the ten commandments of Christ
Do not kill Do not steal Do not commit adultery Work according to your conscience Do not envy your neighbor and say goodbye to offenders Take care of your children and parents Take care of girlish chastity and female honor Help the poor, do not offend orphans and widows Do not offend orphans and widows Protect your Fatherland from enemies
Slide 8
Cossacks greeted each other, upon meeting, raising their headdress and shaking hands. When a Cossack approached a group of other Cossacks, it was customary to take off his hat, bow and inquire about health: "Hello, Cossacks!", "It's been great, Cossacks!" or "Hello bulls, Cossacks!" To which he received the answer: "Glory to God!". In the ranks, at reviews, parades, the Cossacks answered, according to the military regulations: "I wish you good health, sir ...!". During the performance of the anthem of the Don Troops or the anthem of Russia, the Cossacks were obliged to take off their hats, which was required by the charter.
Slide 9
Relations in the Cossack environment
No business began or ended without prayer. Submit the dropped to an outsider, help to lift, make way for a seat. At the feast, the Cossack always, before eating himself, had to offer it to the one sitting nearby. Before quenching his thirst on the campaign himself, the Cossack had to offer this to his partner. It was considered a great sin to refuse alms to a beggar. The proverb said: "It is better to give all your life than to ask for your whole life." Greedy people were worthy of contempt and were never asked to. If, at the time of the execution of the request, the giver showed his greed, the Cossack refused the service. He believed that it is not worth taking from this person - this is not good. Deception was considered a great sin, and not only in deed, but also in word. A person who did not keep his promise or given word lost the trust of those around him. In Cossack Old Believer families, there was a ban on smoking. There were also restrictions on drinking. You could only drink wine
Slide 10
Seeing off the Cossack to the service
After reaching draft age, the conscript, for a whole year, underwent military training at the village. Military training took place under the leadership of the Cossack administration of the village, after which he was sworn in. The swearing-in procedure began at the church service. After that, the conscripts lined up in the square, opposite the altar, with a banner. Permission to take the oath was given by the priest, after the prayer.
Slide 11
The address to the parents provided only "You" - "You, mom", "You, tattoo." The "you" was addressed to all elders. When the old man appeared, all those present stood up, the Cossacks, who were in uniform, put their hand to the headdress, and those who were without uniform had to get up, take off their headdress and bow. When older in age, it was not allowed to sit, smoke or talk (without his permission). In the presence of a senior, it was not allowed to swear obscenely. It was impossible to contradict the elder. The youth had to show their endurance in any case. The words of the elder were obligatory for the younger Cossack.
Slide 12
Holidays
Christmas Shrovetide Easter Ivan kupalo
Slide 13
We are direct descendants of the cultural heritage of our ancestors. The preservation of this enormous material depends on us. Therefore, we must not only carefully preserve these traditions, but use them in our family traditions: sing grandfather's songs, dance folk dances, know our history, holidays and rituals well, be proud of our Cossack roots.
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Life, traditions and family rituals of the Cossacks on the Don
Slide 15
At the birth of a boy, the Cossacks' grandfather and father fired guns, thereby letting the villagers know that a warrior was born, the defender of the borders of the Fatherland. Neighbors and relatives came to visit the mother of the newborn with delicious treats. Such a holiday was called "Providok".
Slide 16
The Cossacks strictly observed the old customs. On the seventh day, the baby was baptized. Christian baptism meant the entry of a child into the world. At baptism, children received the name of the saint whom they celebrated a week before birth.
Before the age of 1 year, it is not customary for Russians to cut hair for children. On the anniversary of her birth, the godmother with relatives (but without her own mother) sat the Cossack girl on an inverted fur coat (felt mat) and cut off a lock of his hair crosswise, then the boy was completely cut. At the age of 7, the godfather was already cutting the teenager's hair "in a bracket", after which the Cossack girl went to the bathhouse for the first time with the men. For the third, last time, they ritually cut their hair at the age of 19, when they were enrolled in the Cossacks and sworn in loyalty to the service.
Slide 20
The rite of receiving the first pants, which he received at the age of 3, was important in the life of the Cossack girl. It was from this time that they began to teach him horseback riding. From the age of 5, the boys worked in the field: they drove oxen on plowing, grazed cattle. The favorite game of the shepherds was dziga, or kubar.
Slide 21
The birth of a girl was not celebrated as widely as the birth of a boy, and no shots rang out at the news of her birth. But it was a quiet, homely joy, covered with legends and prayers. The godmother, the nannies "washed away the worries from the daughter" - for the first time they washed the girl with songs. The father ate "father's porridge", burnt, salty, peppered, so that "the girl would get less bitter in life."
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The everyday life of the Don Cossacks in the 18th century was interesting and peculiar. The culture of the Cossacks is a bright personality, highly spiritual and moral. Education takes place within the framework of moral and ethical principles, on patriotism, focus on family values.
Traditions and Holidays All Cossack traditions are based on the main principle of the Cossack worldview. "You need to be born a Cossack!" This attitude gave the Cossack special pride in the originality of his people, was a reflection of his national consciousness and high culture. For a Cossack, the Cossack state of "spirit" has always played an important role. It was this "Cossack spirit" that reflected both the way of thinking and the norm of life. Anyone who placed service to high Christian values and virtues could cultivate a Cossack spirit in himself!
Traditions and Holidays "You need to become a Cossack!" a principle that emphasizes that there is a certain moral ideal that everyone who descends from the Cossacks should strive for. This postulate also entailed legal norms that exist in the Cossack society. Not a Cossack could become a Cossack in a Cossack circle, having passed initiation, but at the same time he could remain a Kalmyk, Tatar or Buryat.
Traditions and Holidays "You have to be a Cossack!" this is how the most important thing in understanding the life of the Cossacks was emphasized. And the main thing they saw and see today is their constant ministry. As mentioned above, a nonresident could become a Cossack, but only his grandson became a full-fledged one, provided that he lived among the Cossacks all the time and married a real Cossack. Nonresident women could only become Cossacks through marriage. Children born in a marriage with nonresident were called "blisters" and had to undergo the rite of admission to the Cossacks at the age of 3 (5 or 7 years).
Cossack upbringing traditions Cossacks believed that the parents of the unborn child should not swear (so as not to bring trouble), swear among themselves (so that the Cossack would not be born a woman), fight (so that the child would not be born sickly and cowardly). Happiness entered the house with the birth of a son. On the third day after birth, the guests (the baby's relatives on both sides) brought gifts: an arrow for a good tooth (so that he could independently solve all tasks and problems correctly); a cartridge with gunpowder (so that everything would argue with him, go well); bow (to become a good warrior - a real Cossack). Parents were not allowed to cry over the baby (in order to live a long and noble life).
Traditions of raising a Cossack Don Cossacks always tried to baptize the baby early. The baby was baptized by the godparents and the grandmother who gave birth. If the baby was loud from birth, a mallet was placed under his head (wolves that scare him). When the baby's first tooth appeared, he was put on a beautiful scarf (to become a hero). In order for a real Cossack to grow out of a boy, he was repeatedly applied to a horse in infancy (the rite of "education by Heaven"), put on a horse, taught horse riding, and marksmanship from weapons. Boys were taught to listen to and imitate the language of birds and animals. With the help of this language, the Cossack had to be able to convey to his own information about the number and location of enemy troops.
Traditions of raising a Cossack Boy was shaved twice: in a year and seven (he became a man). From this age he was denied sweets and he went to sleep from his mother's room to the room of his brothers or father. At the age of 7, 10 and 17, the Cossacks publicly demonstrated their military skills. During these years, the boys were given hats and weapons. From the age of 17, the Cossacks underwent special military training, took part in exercises, and from 21, as adults, they already fought.
Teaching Children Young children lived in this atmosphere, listened to talk about combat battles. Therefore, children often said the first word, not the usual “mom” or “dad”, but “chu”, meaning riding a horse, or “pu”, meaning to shoot. Children literally from the age of three were able to ride horseback around the yard, and after a couple of years they were already boldly and deftly dissecting through the city, and their father and mother happily watched this picture.
The rite of admission to the Cossacks This rite was held by any nonresident (or child) who passed the exam on knowledge of Cossack customs, prayers, and the ability to use weapons. The accepted one got down on one knee, kissed the saber blade, which was bare in half, then the Gospel and the Cross, after which he was presented with a Cossack cap. And from that moment he was considered a Cossack by origin, that is, by origin.
What could a child do at the age of 14? He skillfully jigged, chopped the vine with a saber. A couple of years later, at 16, the guys took part in military reviews and won. It was time to buy a horse and a real Cossack uniform. And at the age of 19, the Cossack service to the fatherland began. The parents saw off the brave and gallant warrior, not knowing whether they would see him again or not. It was for this reason that the soldiers were sent to the service on a festive scale, and with the same scale they were greeted home after the service.
Traditional entertainment and fun Fair and festivities Don fairs became the place for the first festivities of the Cossacks. The first fair was organized by ataman M.I. Platov in 1802. The fair has become a place not only for trade, but also for games and festivities. On the day of the closing of the fair, horse races were organized, and the winners were awarded with silver cups, glasses, harness, saddle and fabrics. In the evening, the Cossacks saw the first fireworks. In the evenings, the fair was lit by barrels of burning tar.
Daughter-raising traditions The birth of a girl was not celebrated as widely as the birth of a boy. The celebration was quiet, homely. From the very birth, the girl was brought up feminine, economic. From an early age she was taught that the main thing in life is a calm soul and a pure heart, that women's happiness consists in a strong family, prosperity and children. Taking childbirth, nurses "washed away worries and illnesses from the daughter" with songs and wishes.
Traditions of raising a daughter According to the custom of the Don Cossacks, so that the daughter's life was sweet, the father ate specially prepared salted, peppercorn porridge, sprinkled with mustard. And he had to eat it without frowning, without tears, with the words: "So that my dear daughter got less!" When the girl took the first step, she was presented with the first bow (ribbons), a comb and a handkerchief (to go to church). Since childhood, the girls helped their mother around the house: clean up, babysit the younger ones, graze goats and drive the bird out to the lake.
Traditions of raising a daughter When a girl reached maturity, became a girl, her grandfather bought her a silver ring and gave her with the words: "You are not a child now, but a young lady, and you must behave decency." From birth, the parents collected the dowry for their daughter, and from the moment of the "conspiracy" she and her friends prepared it herself.
Traditions of raising a daughter In the 19th century, the Cossacks received the right to come to the girls "for seagulls". A young man could put his cap or hat upside down, and if the girl turned it upside down, then the young man got the right to send matchmakers. If the cap was put on a hanger by the hands of a girl, there could be no question of matchmaking.
Fair and festivities Later, the fairs were timed to coincide with the patronal holidays of the villages. So in the village of Starocherkasskaya, the fair was held on the feast of Elijah the Prophet on August 2. On this day, ships with passengers and orchestras on board sailed from Rostov and Azov to Starocherkassk. 8-10 thousand people came to this fair in the village. Here you could buy cheap breeding animals, good poultry and fish, fruits and berries, overseas sweets. A samovar puffed in every courtyard. Cossacks went to visit each other. The village walked in the evenings. During the days of the fair, there were always carousels, swings, performances of circus and theatrical groups.
Family Holidays The first place among Don Cossack family holidays is taken by wedding parties. It is no coincidence that the popular expression is "a wedding to walk", because this holiday includes a whole cycle of festive festivities: bride, matchmaking, hand-wrenching, conspiracy, "pillows" (transfer of the bride's dowry to the groom's house and youth gatherings) and the wedding itself. 23
Slide 2
"Love the Kuban, study its past, create the future!" -
A.N. Tkachev. Governor of the Krasnodar Territory
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Cossack Map
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Slide 5
The Rus are a "caste" of managers and warriors. This is the Cossacks, therefore the entire elite of the Rus are Cossacks. Moreover, this concept is more than ten thousand years old! Moreover, they considered the military craft to be the main one. The Arabs describe them as tough, fierce and skillful fighters. Extremely warlike, the Rus trained their children to use the sword literally from the very first days of their lives. The father put a sword in the cradle of a newly born child and said: “I will not leave you any property as an inheritance, and you have nothing but what you acquire with this sword” (Ibn Rust). Al-Marvazi wrote about the Rus: "Their bravery and courage are well known so that one of them is equal to many of the other peoples."
Slide 6
Panzernik (Knight) Painting by Jozef Brandt from the series "The Cossacks and the Life of the Sich"
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Archery by Jozef Brandt
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According to the standards Skirmish with the Swedes
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Attack of the Mother of God
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On the Turkish front
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Turkish banners captured in Erzurum on the Caucasian front
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Fight for the flag On horseback
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The Cossack and the hike is not a burden and it is not a peasant to grow grain, but joy
Slide 15
In February 1792, a deputation from the Cossacks headed by the military judge Anton Golovaty went to St. Petersburg with a request for a decision to move to the lands of the Kuban. June 30, 1792 Catherine II signed a letter of awarding the Black Sea Cossack army "In eternal possession" on the right bank of the river. Kuban. The duties of the army were charged with "vigil and guarding the borderlands."
Slide 16
We thank the empress, we pray to God, she showed us the way to Taman.
Slide 17
Monument to the first Cossacks who landed near Taman under the command of Colonel Savva Bely on August 25, 1792. Built in 1911 by their grateful descendants, the Kuban Cossacks of the Taman stanitsa society (Taman)
Slide 18
(An army council in the name of the Resurrection of the Lord). Consecrated in 1802. Dismantled in 1876-1879. due to dilapidation. From an engraving of the first half of the 19th century. Kuban historian I.D. Popko (1858): “The huts stand in such positions as if they were ordered to“ free guys ”: they stand with their face, backs, and sideways on the street. Most of them are hiding in the depths of the courtyard, as you might guess, by the consciousness of their ugly and poor appearance. Cleanliness is maintained in huts and courtyards; litter is thrown into the streets, where it lies until the puddles swallow it. "
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Slide 20
The army of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, which operated on the border area beyond the Dnieper rapids, can really be called a special-purpose detachment, and the Zaporozhye warrior - by the modern term "special forces". Life in the wild steppe and the flooded wilds of the Great Meadow (as the floodplains in the lower reaches of the Dnieper were called earlier) developed in the Cossacks special skills and techniques for conducting reconnaissance operations, offensive and defensive battles, made them real hardened pathfinders, whose experience of survival in extreme natural conditions (extraction and preparation of food, protection from bad weather, wild animals) is very valuable for us today
Slide 21
CLOTHING OF THE COSSACKS
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Slide 23
The Kuban Cossacks explain the forelock on the left side of the cap: on the right there is an angel - there is order, and on the left the devil twists - here the Cossack comes out!
Slide 24
Father in the family of the Kuban Cossacks
Slide 25
In the photo of 1915 (dated September 19) Cossacks of the village of Staromyshastovskaya (left in order): clerk Nazariy Zakharovich Orda, Cossacks - Matvey Romanovich Kovalenko and Grigory Gordeevich Chaplyun. They served in the 1st World War in the special 17th Cossack
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Kuban family
Slide 27
Kuban family
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Seeing off the Cossack to the service
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Conversation at the well
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Cossack wedding
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Cossack wedding
Slide 33
Newlyweds
Slide 34
If a Cossack was born in a family, then the main burden fell on the godfather - he made a warrior out of the Cossack. The main task of the godmother in this case was to form in the Cossack an attitude towards the Cossack girl as a wife, mother and mistress.
Slide 35
The modern socio-historical situation has made it possible to revive and popularize in the country the distinctively established sports and means of training Cossacks. Therefore, the creation of a modern system of physical culture and sports work with the Cossack population seems to be a responsible task. Dzhigitovka acts here as a necessary link in the integral system of physical education of the Kuban Cossacks.
Slide 36
The first schools in the villages of the Kuban Cossack army appeared in the first third of the 19th century. Prior to this, the centers of literacy were parishes where local priests taught. The school curricula included the following subjects: the law of God, calligraphy, grammar, arithmetic and Russian history. Schools were opened in many stanitsa, but in terms of the number of students they were small, not all stanitsa children studied in them.
Slide 37
Before the storming of Paris by Russian troops in March 1814, the entire French capital was pasted over by order of the emperor with variegated popular prints depicting Cossacks. On the caricatured splints, they were shown not just lying between muddy puddles or setting fire to houses, but also having a demonic appearance. Ugly, grimy creatures with necklaces made of human ears and heads - devils looked from the luboks at the Parisians. Is it any wonder that the Cossacks who entered Paris were greeted by crowds of curious townspeople. To their utter amazement, instead of monsters, they saw attractive stately riders with an impeccable bearing. According to the famous writer Victor Hugo, the Cossacks were meek and polite, did not dare to touch anything in Paris. The ridiculous "discovery" of Napoleon was publicly exposed. However, after the defeat of Napoleon's troops in Russia, notes of irritation and anger towards their offenders began to dominate in the emperor's discussions about the Cossacks. Some derogatory comparisons have been made to show this discontent. "Give me a regiment of some Cossacks, and I will go with them all over Europe." Napoleon Bonaparte.
Slide 38
Equestrian Cossack on a Parisian street Aquarelle G.-E Opitsa 1814 Cossacks on the market Aquarelle G.-E Opitsa 1814 "Give me a regiment of Cossacks alone, and I will go with them all over Europe." Napoleon Bonaparte.
Slide 39
Cossacks at the statue of Apollo in the Museum
Slide 40
Cossacks in Belgium
Slide 41
Cossacks on the road
Slide 42
Photos from the cycle "On the fronts of the Great War" Build Cossacks on Palace Square
Slide 43
The 12-year-old Cossack of the 2nd Kuban Regiment of the Kuban Cossack Host S.I.Kravchenko was awarded the St. George Cross of the IV degree for saving the easel machine gun in March 1915. Ink drawing by artist K. Mesiek, 1916.
Slide 44
The commander of the 1st Kuban Plastun battalion, Colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Zheglinsky, was born in 1852. April 3 From the nobility of the Simbirsk province. Education: General - Moscow military gymnasium, graduated from the course. Military - Tiflis infantry cadet school, graduated from the course on the 2nd grade. Ranks: Lower rank since 1869. June 21 Khorunzhim from May 27, 1874 With seniority on February 15, 1874 As a staff member on May 6, 1882 Podesaul from May 6, 1890 Esaul from June 3, 1893 A military sergeant from February 26, 1901 Colonel from January 11, 1905 Served as a company leader from January 5, 1905. in battles, he was not wounded or shell-shocked. He was not injured or injured. Awards: 1877 - Order of St. Anne, 4th degree with a medal "For Bravery", St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree, with swords and bow. 1905. - the rank of colonel.
